Discrimination in the workplace Essay

Discrimination in the workplace is a common behavior that occurs in all occupations and industries. It can occur whether you work for a large or small organization, you’re a boss, or just starting out. In an ideal world people would be equal in rights, opportunities, and responsibilities, despite their race or gender. In the world we live in, however, we constantly face all kinds of neglect based on different attributes. All over the world, certain people treat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, this happens even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This phenomenon is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. So, what exactly is workplace discrimination? Basically, it can be defined as a less favorable treatment towards an individual or a group of individuals at work, usually based on their nationality, skin color, sex, marital status, age, trade union activity, or other defining attributes (Australian Human Rights Commission). It can appear as a denial of certain rights, negligent treatment, intentional underestimating of a worker’s personality or work results and achievements, and so on. A person can be discriminated by their employers, or by their coworkers as well. Discrimination can result into severe psychological consequences for the victim, such as emotional stress and anxiety. Discrimination often causes an employee to leave the workplace, resign from a position, or in severe cases, to commit suicide or act violently against the discriminators. Workplace discrimination can take more open and threatening forms, which are known as workplace harassment. It occurs when an employee is made to feel intimidated, insulted or humiliated, based on such features as race, ethnic origin, gender, physical or mental disability, or on any other characteristic specified under legislation (AHRC). The two most radical forms of workplace harassment are the application of physical violence, or sexual harassment; women are especially exposed to this kind of discrimination. Workplace violence can take several forms: the direct exercise of physical force against a worker that causes or could cause injuries to the worker; an attempt to exercise such physical force; or a statement or behavior that a worker can reasonably interpret as a threat to exercise physical force (Ontario Ministry of Labor). Sexual harassment can  take the form of obscene jokes and allusions; intrusive body contacts; inappropriate gestures, or even direct actions aimed at sexual contact. There are several ways to deal with workplace discrimination; such measures can be held both on the individual and on the collective level. Individuals who have experienced discrimination or harassment at work, are recommended to stand firm under verbal attacks, remain confident about their own abilities and judgments, and try not to stay alone with the abusive person (UnionSafe). At the same time, collective measures can be taken as well. They usually include calling for a meeting in a quiet confidential place in order to admit and discuss the problem; complaining to competent authorities; developing respective policies together with sanctions applied in case there is an infringement enacted by workers. Unfortunately, we do not live in a perfect world, and not all people can enjoy equal opportunities and rights. This refers not only to our personal lives, but to our working environment as well; employees can be discriminated and abused because of certain features they possess, such as the color of skin, their ethnicity or gender, age, marital status, disabilities, and so on. To eliminate workplace discrimination, both individual and collective preventive measures should be made. References â€Å"What Is Workplace Discrimination and Harassment?† Australian Human Rights Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 July 2013. . â€Å"Preventing Workplace Violence And Workplace Harassment.† Ontario Ministry of Labor. N.p., July 2011. Web. 05 July 2013. â€Å"Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace.† UnionSafe. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 July 2013. . Discipline & Discharge An employer may not take into account a person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information when making decisions about discipline or discharge. For example, if two employees commit a similar offense, an employer many not discipline them differently because of their race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. When deciding which employees will be laid off, an employer may not choose the oldest workers because of their age. Employers  also may not discriminate when deciding which workers to recall after a layoff. Harassment It is illegal to harass an employee because of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to harass someone because they have complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. Harassment can take the form of slurs, graffiti, offensive or derogatory comments, or other verbal or physical conduct. Sexual harassment (including unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct of a sexual nature) is also unlawful. Although the law does not prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal if it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or if it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim being fired or demoted). The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or someone who is not an employee of the employer, such as a client or customer. Harassment outside of the workplace may also be illegal if there is a link with the workplace. For example, if a supervisor harasses an employee while driving the employee to a meeting. Prohibited Employment Policies/Practices Under the laws enforced by EEOC, it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to retaliate against a person because he or she complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. The law forbids discrimination in every aspect of employment. The laws enforced by EEOC prohibit an employer or other covered entity from using neutral employment policies and practices that have a disproportionately negative effect on applicants or employees of a particular race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), or national origin, or on an individual with a disability or class of individuals with disabilities, if the polices or practices at issue are not job-related and necessary to the operation of the  business. The laws enforced by EEOC also prohibit an employer from using neutral employment policies and practices that have a disproportionately negative impact on applicants or employees age 40 or older, if the policies or practices at issue are not based on a reasonable factor other than age. 2. Which federal laws cover language discrimination? Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that protects individuals from discrimination based upon national origin and race. Some courts and governmental agencies have said that discrimination based on language is a form of national origin discrimination because primary language is closely related to the place a person comes from. So if you are being discriminated against for using that language, or because of characteristics having to do with that language, that is considered essentially the same as if you were being discriminated against because of your national origin. This area of the law is still developing, however, so you should also consult with a local attorney for more information. 6. Can I be asked not to speak my native language at work or to speak English only? A rule requiring employees to speak only English at all times on the job may violate the law, unless an employer shows it is necessary for conducting business. If an employer believes the English-only rule is critical for business purposes, employees have to be told when they must speak English and the consequences for violating the rule. Any negative employment decision based on breaking the English-only rule will be considered evidence of national origin discrimination if the employer did not tell employees of the rule, except in several western states as noted below. In California, as of January 1, 2002, there is a specific legal provision which makes it illegal for an employer to adopt or enforce a policy that limits or prohibits the use of any language in any workplace, unless both of the following conditions exist: (1) the language restriction is justified by a business necessity; and (2) the employer has notified its employees of the circumstances and the time when the language restriction is required to be observed and of the consequences for violating the language restriction. â€Å"Business necessity† is defined as â€Å"an overriding legitimate business purpose such that the language restriction is necessary to the safe and efficient operation of the business, that the language restriction  effectively fulfills the business purpose it is supposed to serve, and there is no alternative practice to the language restriction that would accomplish the business purpose equally well with a lesser discriminatory impact.† In the states of Alaska, Arizona, California (but the above state law still applies), Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, there is a court decision that requires one of the following two circumstances for an employee to challenge a â€Å"speak-English-only† policy in the workplace under federal law: the rule is applied to employees who speak no English or who have difficulty speaking English; or the policy creates, or is part of, a work environment that is hostile toward national origin minority employee s. If, initially, an employee is able to show that either of those conditions applies, the employer must show some â€Å"business necessity,† a sufficiently compelling and clearly job-related need, for the policy. Even if the employer does demonstrate business necessity, the policy is still illegal if there are less discriminatory alternatives to the policy that achieve the same goals just as effectively. At this point, although the law on language discrimination continues to evolve, employees in the U.S. but not in these states do not have to show either of the two conditions. The mere existence of a policy, whether or not it affects or targets national origin minority employees, is evidence of discrimination which may only be overcome by the employer’s business necessity. In Nebraska, a statute called the Protections for Non–English Speaking Employees Law offers several protections for workers whose primary language is not English. The law applies to employers that employ 100 or more workers and recruit or hire non–English-speaking workers residing more than 500 miles from the place of employment, and where more than 10 percent of the employers’ workforces are non -English-speaking and speak the same non-English language. Employers must provide non-English-speaking workers with required written information about the job and obtain the person’s signature on a statement acknowledging having received that information before hiring. Employers are required to provide bilingual employee interpreters to assist non-English speaking workers in carrying out their job responsibilities and to provide them with information on community services. Employers are also required to transport employees who quit within 4 weeks back to the locations from which they were recruited. More people in the workforce are claiming discrimination over  their English-speaking ability or foreign accents, according to federal officials.Workplace discrimination complaints based on national origin — which often involve language ability — rose by 76 percent from 1997 to 2011, when more than 11,800 complaints were lodged with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The EEOC attributes the trend to a more ethnically diverse labor force — about 45 million Americans speak a language other than English at home. Civil-rights advocates say workplace environments have grown more hostile in states enacting tough new immigration laws. It is a common dilemma: employees complain about co-workers speaking other languages at work, conflicts arise, teamwork suffers, and morale issues begin invading the organization. These complaints usually center on an employee’s perception that it is rude for co-workers to speak another language at work, that such actions are intended to be deliberately exclusive and to make other employees feel uncomfortable. Employees feel they are being talked about, laughed at or even plotted against. Yet, Title VII protects employees from national origin discrimination, and therefore, employers must allow employees to have conversations in their native languages, unless there is a reasonable business need to require English-only rules during working hours. So what can HR do to resolve this conflict when English-only rules do not apply, such as during break times and lunches, and for businesses that cannot justify such a policy? First, educate employees on discrimination laws and work to f oster inclusion. Start with presentations on national origin discrimination and show the correlation between native languages being allowed in the workplace and the law. Work to create a presentation that shows common misconceptions on both sides and engenders respect for each other. Employees should be well informed of the company’s discrimination policy, which should also include the use of languages and guidance on what would constitute discriminatory or harassing behaviors. It should be communicated to all employees that failure to abide by the company’s policy and its expectations may result in disciplinary action, including termination. HR must also search for ways to ensure that inclusion is an integral part of the company’s culture. Providing a cohesive environment where everyone is respected and valued is vital to ensuring organizational success. Employees may find it  easier to assume that others are deliberately speaking a foreign language to hide something rather th an to take the time to understand another’s point of view. Conversely, always excluding employees from conversations by using another language can be unprofessional, unfair to co-workers and not in the best interests of the employer. Diversity and inclusion training should include awareness of cultural differences and the challenges non-native-English speakers may currently or once have faced, such as trying to fit into a new culture, being understood when conducting daily activities and being accepted and included at work. Employees also need to respect those fluent in more than one language. These individuals are able to speak English, but at times choose to speak to others in another common language. This is a natural way of sharing a part of their heritage while providing enjoyment in speaking a language that they both share. Finally, the organization’s management must â€Å"walk the talk† and be ready to address situations that affect their teams or jeopardize the employer’s goals and vision for the organization. SHRM HR Knowledge Center As a professional member of SHRM, you can receive free, exclusive access to the HR Knowledge Center. Our advisors have many years of HR experience and a wide variety of resources to assist you with your HR questions. You may reach the Knowledge Center at (800) 283-7476, Option #5 or by using the HR Knowledge Center Request Form. Express Requests The HR Knowledge Center has gathered resources on current topics in HR management. Click here to view and request information. Obtain reuse/copying permission – See more at: http://www.shrm.org/templatestools/hrqa/pages/whydosomeemployeesreactnegativelytootherlanguagesatwork.aspx#sthash.961esjei.dpuf Another step HR can take to prevent discrimination is to encourage cooperation and friendly, professional work relationships by creating  diverse departments or work areas throughout the company. Make sure employees know where to report any incidents of discrimination. Be sure to list the name of the Human Resources staff member that can document the complaint or report and is able to answer any questions or respond to concerns the employee may have. It is important that the HR staff member informs the manager or supervisor about the employees mentioned in the complaint so that the manager is informed and can schedule a private meeting with the employee to explain that they will have to answer the complaint. Be sure that all employees know that discrimination complaints are taken very seriously and addressed in a professional manner. Make any decisions regarding disciplinary action in a timely manner so that employees are not left to wonder what the outcome of the situation will be. Another step HR can take to prevent discrimination is to encourage cooperation and friendly, professional work relationships by creating diverse departments or work areas throughout the company. Make sure employees know where to report any incidents of discrimination. Be sure to list the name of the Human Resources staff member that can document the complaint or report and is able to answer any questions or respond to concerns the employee may have. It is important that the HR staff member informs the manager or supervisor about the employees mentioned in the complaint so that the manager is informed and can schedule a private meeting with the employee to explain that they will have to answer the complaint. Be sure that all employees know that discrimination complaints are taken very seriously and addressed in a professional manner. Make any decisions regarding disciplinary action in a timely manner so that employees are not left to wonder what the outcome of†¦

Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy:

Democratic change and the change to democracy: cycle chapter 2, I learned that change drives the world, leaders drive change and change requires partners. Together we can develop vital change and conflict management skills and processes, we can facilitate the resolution of disputes, and empower ordinary people to participate In decision making at the local and national level. A more stringent definition of democracy demands more than Just fair elections. It defines a liberal democracy or also known as a full democracy In a littoral system In which most of the governments officials are elected.The free speech and free press help ensure that democratic governments are accountable to their citizens In a way that authoritarian regimes are not. However, full liberal democracy requires free contested elections, respect for call liberties, and support for pluralism in society. Some scholars argue that any definition of democracy is incomplete ( Handel 2009 pig 30 Developing countries have p layed a notable role in our history. The third wave darted in the late ass's and started winding down by the twenty first century.Third wave transitions were most dramatic in the former Soviet union and eastern European allies. This brought the cold war to an end. Many East Asian dictatorship mostly South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia and Singapore enjoyed spectacular economic success from the uses through the late sass's.

The History of Terrorism in the United States Research Paper - 1

The History of Terrorism in the United States - Research Paper Example The motives of terrorism have also transformed over the years from the causes of liberation to mass devastation (Piszkiewicz, 2003). The effects of terrorism have also transformed into evil for the masses. The latest act of terrorism is the desolation of The World Trade Centre. The range of terrorist attacks in the United States has resulted in the liberation of slavery, the assassination of the country’s president to the devastation of the public. Earlier the concept of terrorism in the United States was considered as armed activities against the state forces in order to support the causes of liberation. The activities over the period of history have changed into bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations of the state personnel and the public. Â  The activities of terrorism in the United States have a long historical background. The activities of terrorism started in the United States in 1850. In the 1850s, the nation was divided into the North and the South. There were several states in the South which were slave states. The people at one point in time wanted to get rid of slavery which caused opposition forces to revolt against the state forces. From 1856 to 1859, John Brown raised a strategic opposition against the states in order to create a situation of terror. The objective of John Brown in creating terror was to bring a change in the political system and abolish slavery from the United States. John Brown resorted to the armed revolution against the state force. The revolutionary activists were soon captured and John Brown was executed. Â  

Swift Water Rescue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Swift Water Rescue - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the different skills and knowledge that one needs to acquire in order to understand the rescue process. Over the past years, deaths related with drowning in the water bodies have been on the increase. This has been attributed to lack of knowledge on how to deal with incidents occurring on the sea and fast moving waters. The incidents may occur when the victim intentionally enters an unknown body of water, when a vessel capsizes, or when someone without training attempts to save someone who is drowning. Special training is required for a person to be certified as a swift water rescuer. And the rescuer must be physically capable of engaging the rough waters in order to save another. One skilled in boat racing cannot be certified based on that capability. And another who can swim fast will not guarantee that he will qualify as a swift water first responder. A swift water rescuer, besides having sufficient training is saving people, should also know how to use rescue tools and equipment. And more than that, the rescuer must also wear personal protective gears so that he or she may not sustain bodily harm. With the rough nature of swift water, the rescuer may not be able to predict or control its movement that would push the rescuer towards huge and pointed rocks, and ultimately cause trauma to the head or other parts of the body. Swift water rescue involves the removal of a victim from a body of water. This requires a person to have the right skills and knowledge to handle the problem effectively. A rescuer should put on the right attire to protect oneself from suffocation and being hurt during the rescue process. There are devices that ensure that the rescuer is well protected and armed in the rescue process. For instance, overalls are made of high-density polypropylene webbing that makes the rescuer clean and

Ethics and Issues Of International Football Term Paper

Ethics and Issues Of International Football - Term Paper Example There is an enormity of researches and theoretical work written on the subject of ethics.   Accordingly, depending on the writer, schools of ethical thought differ from each other.   Some aver that there are two (2) schools of thought for ethics and others say that there are three (3) schools of thought.   Still, other references have more schools of thought that one can imagine.   According to De Foe, there are three (3) main schools of thought as detailed below The people's good is the highest law. The aim of deontological ethics is to find the most moral behavior and to make that a law or a set of rules for others to follow. The use of deontological ethics is extensive in our world, observed most as laws, rules, and ethical codes. Theories of deontological ethics might suggest that it would be possible to create a complete and comprehensive law that would prevent all negative behavior for all people who follow that law. That which  is evil to one at one time becomes good at another time to someone else. The consequential might state that  in most circumstances  it is wrong to push another human being or to shoot another human being. However, if someone is about to walk in front of a speeding car then through consequence it becomes ethical to push that person out of the path of getting hit. Likewise, if a person is about to detonate explosives inside a building it becomes ethical to shoot them according to consequentialism. This seems to suggest that how ethical the action becomes irrelevant†¦ the results of the action in preventing harm and promoting the most happiness for the most number of people becomes the single benchmark for ethical behavior. I must find a truth that is true for me †¦ the idea for which I can live or die. Moral individualism suggests that a person cannot know what it is to be moral without first discovering what it is within themselves that determines certain behavior be linked to moral or immoral acts. Likewise, he or she must also give others the freedom to undergo this process within them to find their own moral center.   

Skin Morbidity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skin Morbidity - Essay Example Moreover, the cultural viewpoint should be used in the assessment and perception of skin disease because ethnic groups may differ in their views of the diseases. Most data on skin diseases in the general population come from Western subjects who have been diagnosed in hospitals. Self-reported cases on skin morbidity have shown that skin disease is related to overall poor health and low socioeconomic status. Thus, the goal of this research study was to determine the presence of ethnic differences in self-reported skin morbidity among adults of ethnic groups in a Norwegian urban community. The study design was cross-sectional, involving residents of Oslo County in Norway. A questionnaire was mailed to 40,888 individuals, of which 18,747 responded. The invitation to participate was based on the participant’s age, socio-demographic status, and country of birth. The questionnaires obtained information on socio-demographic factors and aspects of health and self-reported health conditions, which included details on health conditions. From their responses, participants were further grouped based on migration history, diet, language and religion. One hundred fifteen nationalities were represented in the sample and were classified according to their region of origin and income. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The sample population had an approximately uniform age and contained more females. Eighty-four percent of the sample was from Norway, with the rest coming from Western countries, Eastern Europe, East Asia, Middle East, India and Africa. In men, more reports of skin itch came from East Asians, while dry and sore skin was more common in those from Middle East and North Africa. Hair loss was the main complaint of Indian, Middle Eastern and North African males. In contrast, the women reported different skin problems. Pimples prevailed in Africans, and sweat in Eastern Europeans,

Innovation in Construction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Innovation in Construction - Research Paper Example In enhancing the value brought in by this process, a lot of modifications have been made on it time after time. These improvements have consequently come along with some advantages together with shortcomings. It is therefore logical that, as these changing procedures are implemented in the industry; proper steps are taken in dealing with areas where gaps exist. Recycling in construction In construction, recycling basically denotes the taking apart and reprocessing of recoverable waste resources produced at the time of construction and modification. Bits and pieces of unused materials, packaging, old resources and remains collectively comprise of the latent recoverable materials. All these can be used, together with other new materials in the erection of new structures. Aside from the use of the recycled matters in constructing new structures, this process can also be applied in the aspect of renovation where structures like windows and doors, masonry resources and appliances are also recycled (CMRA, 2011). In many cases, wastes accrued from construction sites are directed into landfills which consequently are burdened with increased loading and functions. At the same time, some waste construction materials carry chemicals which if not well handled would only help in enhancing the perennially increasing levels of pollution. An example of this is the kinds of chemical substances which emanate from treated wood. Preventing these scenarios has made recycling the most logical precautions in handling wastes obtained from construction sites. In achieving these goals, personnel in the construction industry either recycle the materials directly into similar products for use again while other are converted into other functional products. Recycling of wastes in the construction industry follows a rather general procedure. The process begins with onsite separation where recyclable materials are separated from other wastes. This is basically the most important aspect of the process and though initially posed challenges, has today witnessed massive improvements thanks to the technological advancement that the world of construction has at its disposal (CMRA, 2011). Here, construction officers, highly conversant with material sorting strategy set up containers for recycling, containers which they clearly label as per the requirements. Ones the reusable wastes are obtained, they are either reprocessed for reuse in the same form they were initially of modified to be used in newer forms. Technology is rapidly advancing in construction recycling. This is despite the limited available technologies at the local levels. One of the technologies synonymous with recycling in the construction industry in modern times includes the â€Å"Recore technology† known for the construction of walls by use of recovered waste materials. This technology is known for the generation of eco friendly wall coverings which carry which also extend some other advantages to the industry and the consumers. The wall coverings produced by this technology are generally durable an added advantage to the fundamental levels of energy saved in the production of these walls. Aside from the recycled walls technology, there also exists the advanced concrete technology which focuses on the production of recycled concrete. The advanced concrete technology applies the heating and rubbing procedures in producing the end

Contract Disputes Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contract Disputes - Term Paper Example I will give an example of a contract dispute that occurred between the Government Printing Office (GPO) and Microform Data Systems, Inc. between 1980 and 1981. In a letter written by the Acting Controller General of the United States to Mr. McClosky, House of Representatives in Microform Data Systems, he explained the correspondence made by Microform Data Systems, Inc. for their contract appeals and dissatisfaction with the processes and composition of GPO board. Microform Data Systems, Inc was not happy at all by the steps taken by the GPO board in dealing with their Contract dispute and claims concerning a business contract between the two associates (Government Operations: Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office, 1981). The facts about the Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office and Microform Data Systems The statement from the acting controller General clearly indicated that Microform criticized a couple of actions taken by GPO board against their comp any. They claimed that the administration of the GPO was too harsh by handing over their contract dispute to a new board to rehear. They expressed their concern that the GPO board in question is not a full time working board characterized by unqualified staff members and lack of consistency. Microform Company was not amused about this step taken by GPO administration. The question in their mind was that, how can a new board, handle a case like that without the prior knowledge and deeper understanding of what they were claiming. Microform believed that the act used by GPO administration to delegate their contract issue is not a direct application required by legislative branch agencies. The controller General office directly disagrees with Microform claim about a contractor shopping immediately after receiving an administrative ruling from the board. Microform required the GPO Board to satisfy a Contract Disputes they claimed in the first matter (Government Operations: Contract Dispu te Involving Government Printing Office, 1981).

Causes and Effects of Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes and Effects of Divorce - Essay Example Most of the marriage counselors highlight excessive intolerance, high temperaments, and poor communication to be the major causes of a failed marriage which are discussed in this paper along with the broad range of socioeconomic and psychological effects produced on both men and women by a failed marriage. Research done on poorly working marital relationships between husbands and wives presents the fact that women are emotionally much better groomed than men and they think that emotional handling is hugely important for appropriate maintenance of the marriage. They like to talk things over with their husbands and naturally demand suitable responses from them as well. On the other hand, most of the husbands are found completely oblivious to the difference in the emotional realities existing between men and women. Though, they do communicate with their wives at the beginning of the marriage as a way of maintaining a sense of closeness with their wives, they become less and less communicative with the passing time due to which the wives helplessly develop an inner void that is completely inescapable. The growing silence on the part of husbands also leads the wives to develop fake illusions like they may have lost charm due to which their men no more find them attractive and worth talking -to. Obviously, women squabble about the state of their marriages much passionately than men so and as they are more vocal about various problems which they encounter, the reduced responsiveness of their men proves to be an infuriating culprit which causes divorce. Incompatibility between partners, in terms of emotional and intellectual grooming, is also a major cause of divorce. Abusive relationship between husband and wife also leads them to destroy each other’s mental well being which leads them to initiate divorce settlement. (Rowd).

What has happened to careers To what extent can and should HRM be a Dissertation

What has happened to careers To what extent can and should HRM be a part of career management - Dissertation Example Since the world is changing at a rapid pace, the economic, cultural, political and technological changes have an immense impact upon the world of work. Moreover, due to uncertainties that accompany with them, these changes can have an adverse effect on the career and lives of the people.In the present competitive era, careers have become too challenging than they used to be. This means that an attempt has to be made to manage the careers. The term career can be defined as the sequence of the job related roles and positions, activities and experiences that are encountered by the person (Anderson & Et. Al., 2002). The major objective of the proposed study is related to the career management. The study will try to focus on the research questions which would look to address the existing scenario regarding careers along with to what extent HRM (Human Resource Management) can or should be a part of career management. Through this proposed research paper it is intended to identify the role of the HRM in career management. Various steps of career management process involve career exploration, development of the career goals and the use of various strategies in order to achieve the career goals. The question that now arises is whether the career management is related to the employee’s development and the performance. For this purpose the relationship that exists among the different aspects of the career management steps as well as the development behaviour of the employee need to be gauged. In this regards, the employees can provide information by considering their personal characteristics, career management strategies, the support of their managers for the career development and their willingness to participate in the development activities. On the other hand, the managers can appraise the performance of the employees and the development behaviour. In this regard, it can be identified that the managers support development. Distance from career goals brings about significant differences in the willingness of the employees to participate in the development activities along with development behaviour (Noe, 1996). It has been argued by the authors and the researchers that the career management programs in formal organisations are part of the firms’ overall human resource strategies. The career management programs are adopted by the organisation in a belief that the performance of the individuals will be enhanced and it will increase the employee’s commitment. If the career management systems are implemented without enough preparation of the organisation, then it might result to ineffective and misleading programs. If the organisation is involved in the individual’s career planning activities, then it might help to reduce the uncertainty that the employees face. It will also assist them in planning and help them in yielding positive results for the organisations (Portwood, 1987). With regards to the question about the exist ing scenario regarding careers, it can be denoted that there has been little changes in the world of work and the career of the people. Support for changing the focus upon the career stems from the psychologically grounded ideas about people as sculptors of their own careers. It also comes from the fact that the person themselves are the creator of the personal meaning in their lives (Arthur & Et. Al., 1999). The HRM systems of the organisation that would include the workforce planning and staffing procedures, career management and the training and development efforts have to be consistent with the strategic plans of the firms. If the objective of the company is to downsize and shed the business, then in that case the HRM system and the related career programs will be concerned

Rising Income Does Not Necessarily Determine a Rise in Happiness Essay Example for Free

Rising Income Does Not Necessarily Determine a Rise in Happiness Essay Many people say that money can buy anything including happiness. If one possesses a huge sum of money then they will be able to acquire the necessities of life that brings great satisfaction and significantly increases the happiness in people. Happiness comes from within and is an intangible asset. Happiness is a common term with a vast concept. One of the most conventional definitions refers to happiness as an attitude towards ones own life, the degree to which a person judges the overall quality of his or her life as a whole in a favourable way (Bruni Stanca, 2007 ). Others believe that true happiness is not obtained through material possession but divine paths. They deem that the aim of human way of life is not restricted to money as it is regarded as only a kind of survival in this world and doesn’t have any relationship with happiness. Money versus happiness What is crucial in a human being’s existence? Money will, in all likelihood, be the answer in most people’s life. The current society endorses the objective of making as much money as one can without considering what the cost is. People lie, cheat, and steal to gain another dollar at the loss of others happiness, but do they acquire the happiness from others? Vice versa, there are people who take home more money in a day than others in a year but yet they are still contemplating suicides. According to Bruni and Stanca (2007), when a person income rises, they need to pursue a higher level of pleasure so as to achieve the same level of happiness. A very vital question often asked is Does money buy happiness? Money does buy happiness if it is a material need. According to Diener, Harter and Arora (2010), â€Å"the Gallup World Poll included measures of not having enough money for food and shelter and therefore allowed people to examine the path from income through basic needs to the various forms of subjective well-being† (p. 269. ). However, using money on a want more than a need, for example, a nicer car or fancier bag, is unlikely to buy happiness which is long lasting. Money is directly related to happiness only to a certain extent but after a certain amount, it does not necessarily determine a rise in happiness. These three various effects help to explain these paradoxes are different perspectives, comparison of incomes and the doubling effect of incomes. Different Perspectives of the Rich and Poor The impact of rising income depends on the different social status an individual holds. The two social statuses that will be discussed here are the rich and the poor. The poor is defined as having insufficient means to afford needs and many a time requires struggle to attain those means; while the rich is defined as having more than enough means to afford needs and luxury wants. These are the two extremes in a society. Those experiencing poverty view having an increase in income as being a luxury, allowing them to afford even more necessities to support themselves and their family which builds a perspective in them that having more money means having an increased level of happiness. However, the increase in income only brings happiness till it allows the individual to escape poverty and after which, the rise in income no longer contributes much to an individual’s happiness level (Martin, 2008; Myers and Diener, 1997). On the other hand, many rich individuals do not feel any happier with rising incomes. According to Martin (2008), the doubling of average incomes in the west for the past 50 years did not invoke any significant rise in the level of happiness. It is true that with higher incomes, an individual’s spending power will increase but that will also mean an increase in aspirations (Easterlin, 2001). With this consistent rise in income and aspirations, each factor is dependent on one another, the level of happiness will remain the same and in some cases when the aspirations are beyond what the income can fulfill, depression may follow. Many tend to spend their extra rise of income haphazardly which eventually creates a vicious cycle of getting and spending rather than using that sum to increase freedom and peace of mind (Martin, 2007). In addition, having more income means having a wider spectrum of options to choose from in life. However, with more options it will mean choices become more difficult (Binswanger, 2006). With more options, it means choosing any one will incur a larger opportunity cost when all options seem attractive but only one can be chosen, hence forgoing the remaining options. Therefore, the status of rich or poor determines the significance of increasing happiness. Comparison of Incomes Humans have a natural tendency to compare what they have with everyone around them, including the comparison of incomes (Binswanger, 2006) where people choose to earn more than others, hence resulting in happiness. This can be well explained by the saying â€Å"keeping up with the Joneses† where people tend to keep upgrading themselves and become better than others hence making them feel they are of a higher status. When this happens, people begin to desire for branded cars, larger houses, expensive clothes and luxury holiday trips. This raises the self-esteem together with their social status (Martin, 2007) where people begin to feel good about themselves and being seen as admirable in a society’s viewpoint. As stated in a research by Martin (2007), some people were asked if they prefer earning an income of $50,000 as opposed to others having $25,000, or an income of $100,000 while others get $200,000, they chose the former. This clearly shows that even if every individual has one’s income increased, the level of happiness will not increase because of the need to have high self-esteem with high social status. The rise of income of everyone in the society does not equate to the rise of relative income where relative income means having earned a certain amount of income as compared to others’. Having a higher status than others may bring happiness but for the status of an individual to rise, others will have to be in a lower status and to some extent this can only be achieved at the expense of others’ happiness. Furthermore, if an individual decides to pursue a higher relative income, one will have to do that on the expense of one’s personal leisure time, striving to advance in one’s career to earn more money. Assuming that this thirst for status remains unquenched, the individual will be giving up a lot of one’s leisure time just to reach that temporary moment of high status and eventually a ‘snowball’ effect is created where more time, which can be spent on being happy, is being eroded at the end of the day. The Doubling Effect of Incomes Due to the high tendency of people adapting to higher income with higher aspirations (Binswanger, 2006), the desire for more income will never stop. In addition, when an individual earns a certain level of income, one will easily get used to it and soon becomes dissatisfied again. To satisfy that individual again, it will mean having to increase one’s income with a significant percentage. A study was done to further explain how an individual can only be satisfied when one’s income is doubled instead of raising by a percentage smaller than 100%. People tend to be happier when their initial income of $10,000 is increased to $20,000 as opposed to those who earns an initial $80,000 and getting an increase to $90,000. For that to feel an equal impact, the initial income of $80,000 should rise to $160,000 instead (Diener, Ng, Harter and Arora, 2010). In terms of percentage, the increase is required to be at least 100% increase for the impact to be significant enough to make an individual happier. In other words, the doubling of an income will give rise to a higher satisfaction level as compared to a relatively smaller increase. Table 1 Percent Distribution of Population by Happiness at Various Levels of Income, United States, 1994 Table 1 depicts the various income groups and shows how the doubling of each income group rises the mean happiness rating. As shown, the mean happiness rating for those earning $10,000 is 2. 1 while those earning $20,000 has their rating rising by 0. 2 and as the earnings doubled each time, the rating increases steadily. Counter-argument: Money Bring More Opportunity to Happiness Money has a direct correlation to happiness to a certain extent. According to Tatzel (2003), happiness rises when we experience self-esteem, control and optimism, and it decreases when those factors fall. Rise of income increases these personalities, allowing one to attain a higher level of happiness. Self-esteem is the beliefs, thoughts and feelings people have about themselves. It motivates one’s attitude and behavior. People use their money to boost their ego while some use money on retail or food to mask pain or deal with emotional issues. These help them to feel better and contribute to their happiness. Research conduct by Becker (1965), stated quite a few examples of how money indirectly bring happiness through time-saving inventions. For example, shopping in supermarkets help to save shopping time, vehicles help to cut down time spend on traveling to our destination and communication deceive such as telephones help us to get our message across faster. The key focus here is monetary affluence resulted in more opportunity leading to happiness Being financially stable, one has control the nature of their daily activities. This brought about spiritual joy as one can go to the movies every weekend, or lavish on gifts for the people he/she love. For the rich, money helps them have pure happiness because they can help bring relief to the suffering millions and the victims of the disasters. Money can also give us experiences and opportunities that we would otherwise never be able to have Money not only provides a shelter over one’s head but also provides assurance, leading to optimism. For example, when faced with illness, stress and fear of death will be relieved due to the security that money promises. A man in fear of death ceases to be afraid when he has the needed money, even before he actually cures the illness. Thus, money took away the fear and helps one to be optimistic. There are so many more things that money could be used in exchange for our desires thus, it resulted in a raise in happiness index. Money is one of things that contribute in the process of being happy. Rebuttal: Money cannot buy happiness Money enables the opportunity for happiness, but people more often than not squander away on things that will make them happy but never does so. It only buys illusions of happiness. As such, people have a tendency to shift towards money and material pleasure. According to Binswanger (2006), all time-saving innovations mentioned by Becker (1965) did not result in time-savings. For instance, e-mails are more convenient than sending letters thus prompting individuals to send more messages through mail as compared to letter than they ever would. Instead of having to read only one letter, there will be an increase in the exchange of information resulting in failure of time-saving improvements. Very often, people mentioned that money can increase one’s sense of well-being as it does not restrain one from spending more time in leisurely pursuits. For example, watching a musical show or going for a vacation. However in reality, time was wasted on work and traveling, less time was engaged in experienced happiness. Psychologists of Harvard University concluded that wealth increases human happiness when it brings people out of poverty but it does little to increase happiness thereafter. There are people who are wealthy but lonely, while others are poor but happy because they have their close friends, good health and family. Happiness is not just set by one single factor but many others; it does not always increase in direct proportion to the amount of money. Conclusion In conclusion, money is necessary but not the obligatory prerequisite for happiness. Individuals may be more satisfied with their life if they have more money, but this does not necessarily mean they will be happier. Money does provide basic needs which leads to happiness as it satisfies one’s desire, however this feeling does not prolong when there are more money. In addition, there must be a balance between earning morning and leading a healthy lifestyle. Being absorbed in earning money can easily cause one to forget their actual meaningful tasks such as caring for their families, having time with their friends†¦etc. They trap themselves in the materialized ambition and lose what are important to their life. Happiness and contentment are simply poles apart. Being in the upper social status distribution will not ensure a placing in the upper rank of the happiness distribution. However being contented and getting involved in meaningful accomplishments such as help to pave a way to the top of happiness index.

The 5 Steps Of Communication Process

The 5 Steps Of Communication Process A communication is a process of the exchange of information between sender and the receiver. It was always processing around us because we are communicated to live as well as understand with each other in order to express what we are thinking. But sometime a communication may fail to present or sometimes the receiver misunderstood what the sender trying to give them the information. Therefore, it must be some skills to helps us have a better and effective communication to send the information to the other parties. In a fact that, the scholars make a research and finally search that when sender send to the receiver and receive the information comes to have 5 different steps of communication process. The step when sender started to have an idea, the message will plan how to send for the receiver, process run though the channel until the receiver got the message, as well as lastly ask for the receiver for a feedback in order to confirm whether the receiver get a correct information. Tho se steps are the full communication process in the assignment to explain it details with the intention of create an effective communication skills. 1.1 The 5 Steps of Communication Process The steps on the theory of 5 steps communication process is encoding, planning, medium, decoding, and lastly the feedback. There is the key point of explaining this assignment and the correct way to ensure the intended audient received the right massage. On the page below will have the 5 steps of communication process diagram which can refer toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1.2 Encoding Encoding process is involves to translating an idea to the meaning of the idea. When the sender got an idea to the other party, they must be communicating. Therefore, the idea will need to change the ordinary language into letter or symbols to past the information out to the party. However, the information of encoding is not yet sending out the message to the channel, the messages are only an idea that thinking in the sender. Beside, the sender might havent plan of which the sending ways are the better way for the receiver. So encoding is just an idea that came out from the sender mind and when the sender starts to plan for sending out the message, there will be turn to the second step of communication process. 1.3 Planed, Organized and Sent The communication process come to the second step is the step of plan, organize and send. It is very distinct to show. When after encoding an idea, the sender will started to plan how to send the message, so the sender will decided a way send it. For example the sender using letter to send the message, he or she will translating the idea to an ordinary language or symbols into the words, the sender will make sure is using the direct understanding words for the receiver, therefore the receiver will easily get the correct message from the sender rather than have the communication gaps of misrepresentation and misunderstood. Thus, when the sender organizing their sending process, make sure to double confirm on the grammar and sentence meaning to be correct. When it is confirmed to be a right message, it will come to choose the types of how the sender will use to send out their message to the receiver. 1.4 Medium In the communication process, medium is the type of choosing for sending the message out through a channel. For example, using letter, e-sources or request somebody to transfer the message to the receiver to be the sender choosing types of sending. Most of the sender will choose to send a letter for the receiver, because using e-mail, people might not checking the mail and request someone to transfer might not transferring the 100% information from the sender give, so most of the people will choose to use letter for their type of sending sources (medium). Moreover, medium is means a between to the sending and receiving, so both parties communication will base on the type of sending movement channel to understand each other. In the example told us the sender using the letter, so make sure the letter words are correctly as well as the receiver can be easily understand it. As the result, the step of medium has complete. 1.5 Decoding The decoding will be the problem of the receiver. When the step comes to decoding, the receiver is already received the message, and sudden matter will affect the receiver to understand the sender messages, and that is decoding. For example, just like the channel choosing to request someone to transfer the message to the receiver, the person that the sender request might not concentric on listening or rush to present in fact might missing some point to transfer, there is always happening in real life, so not most of the people will choose this channel to past their message in order to avoid the communication distortion and there is the decoding processing. Hence, to avoid communication distortion make sure sender choosing a correct channel to send their message and well to know what channel that receive are always like and easily to got it people message. 1.6 Feedback A feedback is needed to have it in a successful communication because without a feedback, the communication is failed. In the other hand, a feedback is a responding action form the receiver in the communication, therefore in the communication process, a feedback will tell to know as well as getting an answer from the receiver to the sender. In the fact of that the receiver will turn to be the sender because on its feedback. It is complete communication in the process. But sometimes a feedback will become a communication distortion because people might feedback to the sender by using a long time period. In fact, if in the business view, a business will not just sit and wait for a person to reply and not observing in others people. In this example will see the communication will fail although it was a feedback. As the result, a communication must be effectively in a progress in order to get a successful communication skill. 1.7 Body Language Beside of the 5 types of communication process, there is another type of communication that can be success in order to ensure the intended audient received the right massage. Thus, body language will be the one of the type, its not using to speck during communicate but using body language to send the message. A body language can be an eye contact, head shaking to tell it yes or no, as well as other action that give message or signer to the other parties. For example a person is trying to motivate his partner to have a cup of coffee, after his partner heard, his partner shows his thumb finger to the sender, which is means good idea. See, in this example we can found out body language can use to be communicate. Or give an example with more direct to influence us, when to chat with people sometimes, our body language normally will shows in our words to come out. Therefore, a body language can be intention to audient received the right massage. 1.8 Noise In the communication process, there is a term are showing the affection of communication, it is a noise. A noise will affect an effective communication such like when people communicate in a place that is very noisy, both parties might not receive a clearly message in such environment. Furthermore, a noise can be a third party that affecting the receiver to feedback. When a the sender sending a message to the receiver with a third party and wait for the receiver to reply, but in this time the third party are noising something to the receiver and without focus on the communication, there will influence to become a fail communication. 1.9 Conclusion As we can see, the types of communication process are giving our knowledge to learn to have an effective communication skill. It was very detailed on the theory, when you see there might only a short period of communicate between two parties, the theory will tell us start of the communication is from an idea in the senders mind and turn to a words to tell the receiver as well as receive the feedback. It was very amazing. In the other hand, this theory showed us to have an effective communication skill. When we communicate with people, we are having the direct skill especially in choosing channel and analysis to give a feedback. In the communication can help us to improve communication skill and the briefness to talk as well as the technique to talk, even where we go we are actually always communicating with other people. If we are wisely using the knowledge and technique to communicate with people, surely will let us increase on the social network. In the road on business will be a i mportant step to learn it to success. 2. As the Product Manager of a soon-to-be-launched product*, explain the methods, the mediums and the vehicles that you would use to communicate with your target audience to persuade them to buy your product. Produce one (1) Advertisement for your product. *student may decide on whatever product that they wish 2.0 Introduction Hokhomo is the name of a Japan company. Few years ago this company continuously develops all different kinds of human fashion accessories product, like cloths, watch, ear rings, and necklace and so on. Every product has a cool design and selling in cheap prices, in order to let every people can afford. So that it can achieve to the company vision, Better than none. In this year of 2011, the company decided to launch a brand new product of high definition spectacle to the market. As a product manager, will needs to plan for advertise this new product. However, when a new product is trying to launch to the market, a very important thing will need to prepare, it will be how consumer know about our product. For our information, advertising can be the where to promote our product. Therefore, in this assignment will shows the process of preparation to launch the new product and how the way to make advertising for attracting the customers. It will shows the design of advertising as well as explain it why we are trying to using the method and how, in order to having an effectively and efficiency strategy to advertise the product. Moreover, we will target a correct audient in the market for giving the information of the product. It will give benefit to the sale and people to know about the product. 2.1 Promotion A Promotion works is to advertise the product, the product itself must be have by a quality guarantee, design and fit to our consumers. So, our company decided to create this product of high definition spectacle by using the import glasses from Sweden, combine our resources to create it. After several test on the product, the product is born. According to the company vision of everyone can afford, this product will set with a fair price and ready to launce to the market. When we have the good product with a good price for consumer, the next step will be how we sell or introduce to our product for the consumers. Many times we can see in the mall had the promotion discount or sale, which is the promotion strategy they are using it. However, promotion usually considers in 4 different types which is the advertising, personal selling, sales promotion as well as public relations. In the promotion of advertising, there is non-personal communication to inform the consumer for the product. He nce, advertising can be a commercial, flyers or even internet, consumers through to the information of the advertising to know our product. Thats why we usually can see many different funny or full of characteristic commercial in the television. Those are the promotion advertising for the consumers in order to attract them to purchase their products. In our research, flyer is the one of the advertising that is people usually will do it. 2.2 Flyers In the method of advertising, posting flyer is the one of the advertising that we will make it as a promotion. Before of that, company researcher will need to do some surveys for asking the consumer view on the product. After then that, our product department will design the flyer and trying to using our company sale person to stand in front of the mall as well as pasting the flyer for the consumers. In this movement, we will actually see the outcome of the consumers interest on the product, because high definition spectacle is all new in the market. For our research, pasting flyers maybe is only out of 100 people in 1000 consumers that will purchase the product. It might take a long time period to break the even point and have the profit. But, penetrate in flyers people will at least know that there is a high definition spectacle wills soon to be launce in the market and where they can purchase it. We are trying to let the consumers know about the product and use to have a consumer to consumer strategy for a free advertising effect. This will be positive effect for our company. For sure the targeting market must be right. In the product of high definition spectacle, it will more attract to the teenage as well as student. Therefore, the targeting market will be on students. 2.3 Flyers Design The flyers design is a breakthrough for our company because the company is usually advertising in commercial sense. So, when comes to the design of the flyer will like a caricature with story line. First of all, is the problem that student will For our research, pasting flyers maybe out of 100 in 1000 consumers will purchase the product encounter, there would be the difficulty on transcribe. Beside of that we will encounter something that will affect our visual, like the flyer words Object showing unclearly in our visual, so how to solve this problem? Then the flyer gives you the answer is to choose the brand new high definition spectacle, with cool design, comfortable on wearing and give you have a high definition visual. The selling cost will set on RM 399.90. For normal spectacle with this kind of design may cost you RM 300++, and this product will add on the high definition glasses that made in Sweden combine together with the brand new Hokhomo high definition spectacle. In the f lyer it is already list out the made from Sweden and it with let the consumers to gain more confident on the product. Furthermore, the header and the footer of the flyers are listed out the brand and the contact area. On the header the flyers are showing the company name and the company address, in this area consumers will knows where the product came from and where they can purchase it. If the product having a great sells, the company name will soon to be famous as well as famous on the branded name. Moreover, from the footer of the flyers is preparing a contact number and its to let people to have a further information of the product. Beside of that, the contact number is also a hotline services to the consumer for any complain and suggestion feedback, our company will use this strategy to get the further improvement. This will be the better way to advertise and improve our products. 2.4 Ways to Posting the Flyers In the business market, we are not just numb to pasting the flyers to everyone and thats it. There are several we are trying to targeting our audients to get the product sale. First of all, we can letter the flyer and post to our business to business partners. They might interest in the product and get supply with us. Secondly, we are trying to get an assent from the secondary school and college as well as university for setting a booth for posting flyers and introduce the product to the students. In this movement, student will direct know about this product in their school and try to own it. This will give more benefit to our company and we are saving our time to find our targeting market and achieving our sale speedily. Thirdly, we will set a booth in the mall and posting the flyers, but this is different, in the mall we decide to give consumer have a free testing section to wear the spec, many of the consumer like to try before they buy, so this method will satisfy them and get mo re knows about the product. With those methods, the product must be having a well output on sales. 2.5 Conclusion As the result, the methods to advertising the product are showing out step by step that we can do. When we develop a new product, we usually will worry about the outcomes of the product sales. But the important is how we advertise to introduce our product to the consumer? How we build the confident of the product in consumers heart? How we design the product and advertising to attract the consumers? Those are the very important issues that company need to know and run it. Fortunately, the company has the skill to promote and the products will soon to be launce as a stable way. However, with the flyers promotion are given the company lower cost to get the sale, although it might take a long time but it works. At last, the product will soon to be launce in the market, so as long as the preparation works is well doing and targeting a correct market as well as correct audients, the brand new high definition spectacle will soon to be see there have a lot of people is wearing it and walkin g on the road with us. 2.6 Harvest Reference Wedside Faith Grubbs, 2000, Types of Communication, Buzzle.com, Nishu, 2009, Types of Communication and its characteristic, Articlesbase, John Sternal, 2010, How to Design a small business promotional flyer, Understanding Marketing, Ebrary Wilson, Philip, 2000, Managing for Knowledge, Scitech Educational Schultz, Don E. 2004, How to Sell More Stuff : Promotional Marketing That Really Works, Dearborn Trade, A Kaplan Professional Company. Malefyt, Timothy deWaal, 2003, Advertising Cultures, Berg Publishers

Management of a Care Facility

Management of a Care Facility Introduction Managers are tasked to create their organisation’s vision in such a way that it will aide in assuring future stability. This academic paper will discuss how an organisation’s vision is created, communicated and implemented and how this vision will pave the way for conceptualizing its strategic direction in a chosen residential home. The residential home care that was discussed in this paper is a home care that provides older adult services to about 60-70 residents with various geriatric needs. The residential home care is divided into units depending on the needs assessments made on each resident during their admission. There are about four nearby residential home cares providing the same services. The home care is the newest of the four and is gradually gaining recognition within the serviceable area. In its everyday operations, bulk of the employees consists of nurses and health care aides. Major problems faced by the organisation are the shortage of nursing staff along with the need to expand the business due to increase influx of clients being admitted. The vision and its stakeholders An organisational vision is a statement of what the organisation wants to do and hopes to become in the future (Nagelkerk, 2005). In creating a vision, it must first be congruent with mission and philosophy of the organisation and anchored on shared values and beliefs (Polifko-Harris, 2005). At the same time, the vision must be dynamic and motivational to its stakeholders because the vision is said to be meaningful only to those who are involved in its creation (Roussel, 2011; Thamm, 2011; Allen, 2007) A stakeholder is a person or a group that takes strong interest on organisation (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013). In health care industries such as the residential home care, the stakeholders include the patients or clients, nurses, medical practitioners, insurers, administrators, and accrediting bodies (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013). In vision planning, consideration of the stakeholders and fostering a good relationship with them are very crucial as their involvement and engagement in the organisation can bring the vision into reality (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013; Malloch and Porter-O’Grady, 2010). They must be adequately represented as they are expected to support management initiatives and perform certain roles for fulfilling organisational success (Gantz, 2010; Harris et al, 2010). As Sare and Ogilvie (2010) say, nursing is a people-centered profession and thrives in involvement. The more we get to involve people to share in the organisational vision, there is higher likelihood that the visi on will be put to reality. Oftentimes, it is heard that only those in the middle and upper management make decisions and policies for the organisation. However, it is not only them who must be involved in creating the vision. In the chosen health care setting, the stakeholders include the elderly residents and their families, the nursing personnel and other employees, unit managers and supervisors and the board of directors. Feedbacks and perceptions of service users are crucial in service improvements. Thus, satisfaction of the elderly residents and their families must be solicited from them. Moreover, the people working for the company especially the nursing staff who provide direct nursing care must be considered. Nurse leaders need to make the employees committed to the organisation and gain ownership of its goals and objectives so that the vision can be brought to reality (McIntyre and McDonald, 2013). Nurses who are motivated and satisfied in their work are more likely to perform better that contribute t o better patient outcomes (Potter et al, 2014). As mentioned, the home care is now facing a shortage of nursing staff which can affect their level of dedication and work quality (McGilton et al, 2013; Peng et al, 2013). This should be one of the things that must be considered if the management would want to make the nursing staff form a sense of ownership of the vision. Factors that may impact the organisational vision Aside from the stakeholders, there are influential factors that must be paid attention to if the organisation is to create a feasible vision. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be assessed using SWOT analysis (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013). These factors that need consideration include the areas of operation, finances, competition, changing needs of clients, technological advances, changing political climate, market conditions, economy, competition, current trends and issues in healthcare (Nagelkerk, 2005). Organisational vision and strategic decision In consideration of the characteristics of the residential home care, its stakeholders and other environmental factors, the created vision is written below: â€Å"Our vision is to be the foremost residential home care for older adults in the community that promotes independence and higher quality of life through excellent and safe nursing care. The next step would be to create the strategic direction for the organisation. In the strategic management process, the strategic direction is the long term goals and objectives of the organisation that outlines the purposes of the organisation and its operational scope (Enz, 2009). It must be anchored on the organisation’s mission and vision statements (Enz, 2009). In consideration of the strategic direction, the organisational competencies will be assessed together with surrounding environmental factors (Wilson, 2005). In developing the strategic direction, answers to the following questions will be sought with the help of the management and key stakeholders: 1) What are the expertise of the home care?; 2) What kind of home care will it be in three or five years?; 3) What type of population will we be serving?; 4) What additional functions or services are we going to provide given the evolving market?; 5) What are the technology requirements given the evolving market?; and 6 ) What changes are taking place in the internal and external market that will affect the home care? (Paley, 1999). Communicating the vision One of the qualities of a highly effective leader is the ability to make the people involved in the organisation understand and remain committed to the vision (Gill, 2011). Continuous and sustainable communication of the vision enables members to be clearly informed of the current status of the organisation and its future directions (Gill, 2011). When properly communicated, shared vision prospers and stakeholders will most likely understand their roles and responsibilities in realising the vision inspite of uncertainties and problems along the way (Papp, 2001). The created vision will be communicated by: 1) finding key persons who will motivate others to listen and be engaged in the vision; 2) setting-up a formal communication team who will disseminate the new vision through advertisements and staff education; 3) including the vision in marketing ads of the home care; 4) place posters containing the vision in strategic locations within the organisation; 5) spark conversations among p eople around about the new vision; 6) create activities such as contests that are themed based on the vision; 7) get other’s feedback and perception of the new vision through personal interviews and group discussions; and 8) use social media and other information-dissemination technology that will keep others informed and reminded of the vision (Center for Creative Leadership, Cartwright and Baldwin, 2011). Right leadership for vision sharing For the organisation to see the fulfillment of its vision, everyone with vested interest in it must work collectively through appropriate leadership and management behaviours. Making everybody feel that they own and share a common vision is a major focus of transformational leadership. According to Bass and Riggio (2006), leaders must appeal to the followers’ sense of self-worth to ensure their commitment and involvement in the entire efforts and activities of the organisation. Transformational leaders motivate their followers to always put their best in what they do, empower them by making them involved in crucial organisational activities, and allow them to expand their potentials and abilities (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Followers are able also to develop a strong sense of identification with the organisation that moves them to working and thinking not just to suffice their self-interests (Hutchinson and Jackson, 2012).In nursing, transformational leadership has been seen as a model of leadership that is enabling, empowering and suitable for nurses to remain committed to excellent and safe care practises (Lievens and Vlerick, 2014; Ross et al, 2014; Schwartz et al, 2011). To embed the vision to the followers, the leaders must employ the four components of transformational leadership. These are idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration (Doody and Doody, 2012; Schwartz et al, 2011). In idealised influence, the leader must be seen by the followers as a role model (Doody and Doody, 2012). The manager of the home care must set an example by ensuring that all personal actions are in accordance with the vision. They must be the frontline communicator of the vision to the staff and be the first person to act when everyone is having difficulty fulfilling the vision (Doody and Doody, 2012). Inspirational motivation must also be applied by encouraging followers to always work to achieve organisational goals and objectives while at the same time achieving their own goals (Bally, 2007). Allowing members to participate in decision and policy-making exemplifies intellectual stimulation (Schwartz et al, 2011) . For example, the nursing staff can be involved in projects and programmes that will be launched to achieve the vision and strategic direction of the home care. Lastly, leaders in the home care must be open to the individual needs of the followers by supporting them in their actions, giving them recognition for their efforts and allowing them to achieve professional growth (Schwartz et al, 2011). Rewards and incentives can be given to those staff who exceptionally performed to achieve the goals set by the home care. They may also be given opportunities for further trainings and in-service education to make them more competent. In turn, these activities can bring about better services and improved patient outcomes. Organisational objectives Organisational objectives are the prescribed actions that will be used to achieve and evaluate organisational goals (Kelly, 2011). Based on the vision, the following are the organisational objectives: Our residential home care aims to: Deliver client-centered and holistic care to our residents Create a therapeutic environment for our clients Provide compassionate, ethical, safe, caring and dependable nursing services Commit ourselves to quality improvement and safety standards Increase the services we provide based on our clients’ changing needs Put the organisation and clients’ needs first before our own interests Respect, value and empower people within the organisation Support individual growth and opportunities Increase stakeholders’ satisfaction Move for organisational stability and viability Strategic planning process Strategic planning is the process of setting the future direction of the organisation through alignment of its mission and vision with its actions to achieve the desired outcomes (Feldman and Alexander, 2012). The strategic planning process that will be done follows Odiorne’s recommendations (as cited in Swansburg, 1996): Gap analysis. This involves identification of the problems of the organisation in order to determine what the organisation wants to do about it in the future. Examining extrinsic factors. Assess outside influences that contribute to the problems identified. Enumerate the critical issues. From a pool of problems identified, select the most pressing issues and those which more likely create a high-impact on the organisation. Ranking the important. Plan according to the most important issues for the organisation. Decide. Decide on the issues by involving all key stakeholders. Time and resource planning. Construct a time frame as to when the objectives should be met. This will also include identifying who will be responsible and the resources that will be needed. Summary and Conclusion Managing an organisation is never an easy task. It gets more difficult as the organisation becomes more complex and the needs of stakeholders continue to rise. Nurse managers and leaders must be able to consider all factors inside and outside of the organisation and every individual who has an interest to it. Leaders and managers must craft a well-defined and shared vision to make everyone involved in the organisation to remain committed and motivated towards fulfilling it. Such work will entail the need to adopt transformational leadership through idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. With the new vision, it is likewise necessary to craft the strategic direction and objectives of the organisation. In doing so, leader-managers must be able to align these to the vision, mission, philosophy, and values of the organisation. When all of these are in place, the organisation can now move to making a strategic plan for the entire organisation.

Leadership in Todays Business World Essay -- Management Leader

Part 1) Introduction: In today's more rapidly changing world, leadership prevails everywhere. It is playing a more important role not only in our personal life but also in our professional life, because leadership has a great impact and influence on people. So, utilizing leadership adequately can bring us a piece of attractive picture. To use humanizing actions is a critical leadership skill, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs, to motivate and inspire energy of team members to achieve the set goal. I would like to use Contingency Theory and Integrative Theory and Path Goal Model and Follower-ship to demonstrate that this critical skill has an impact on leadership effectiveness. Body: Leadership is the ability to inspire confidence, support and trust among the people who need to achieve organizational goals. (Chan & Maubourgne 1992) It invariably requires using power to influence the thoughts and actions of other people in order to create new approaches and imagine new areas to explore. This definition has emphasized on influencing people to achieve set goals. In other words, we can say, the objective of leadership is achieving goals, meanwhile, the application is influencing other people to motivate the energy and stimulate the potential towards the goals. The contemporary era is the time with constant changes and new demands. In view of this point, we can't put unitary leadership into real work. Accordingly, the term of "contingency leadership theory" (also namely "situational leadership") is given rise to by those situational factors. This theory notes that managers can vary their styles to suit different circumstances. For instance, a sole proprietorship's leader leads self's business and t... ...g goal greatly. Reference Chan, K. W. & Maubourgne, R. A. 1992, Parables of leadership, Harvard Business Review, July-August. Deal and Jenkins.1994 Book about managing Workers Operating Behind The Scenes (p xiii).(p257) Dubrin, A & Daglish, C.2003, Leadership: An Australian Focus, John Wiley, Brisbane. House, R.J, 1971, A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness, Administrative Science Quarterly, 16 Howell, J. P., Bowen, D. E., Dorfman, P. W., Kerr S. & Podaskoff, P. 1990, `Substitutes for leadership: Effective alternatives to ineffective leadership', Organizational Dynamics, summer, (p 23) Miller, P. 2004, Leadership Study Guide, Southern Cross University, Lismore Pfeffer, J. 1997, `The Ambiguity of Leadership', Academy of Management Review, (p104-12) Roger Cartwright. 2002 Mastering Team Leadership Palgrave Macmillan, New York (p123)

Hobsons Choice by Harold Brighouse Essay -- Hobsons Choice Harold Br

"Hobson's Choice" by Harold Brighouse Analyse the events of act one and discuss how the playwright, Harold Brighouse prepares the audience for the transformation of Will Mossop's character as seen in act four. Hobson's Choice was set in the Victorian time of 1880. It was written in 1915 and is a Lancashire comedy that also refers to class. When Maggie marries Will, it is seen as a disgrace because Maggie is marrying someone of a lower class. Hobson's choice shows the rise of Will Mossop (a boothand) who is a nervous, unconfident man and how he changes when he marries Maggie, the daughter of Hobson. Maggie is the complete opposite of Will and she transforms him. It shows Hobson and others around them disagreeing with the wedding. In this essay, I am going to analyse the transformation of Will Mossop from act1 to act4 and say how he has changed. We first see Will Mossop when Mrs Hepworth, an important customer of Hobson's enquires about who made the boots that she has. "Who made these boots?" Mrs Hepworth seeks the assistance of Maggie to find out who made the boots, after getting nowhere with Hobson. This puts Hobson out and he still tries to interfere and show his importance. He assures Mrs Hepworth that he will make the man that made them suffer if there is anything wrong with them. "if there is anything wrong I assure you I'm capable of making the man suffer" Will appears from the trap door. He is lanky man who is not stupid, but has been stunted mentally. His clothes are poor and shabby but he has qualities and charm in him. When Mrs Hepworth speaks to him he is nervous and when she goes to give him her card he ducks expecting a blow of her. In the film version when we first... ... doesn't take no for an answer from Hobson. In Conclusion I feel that Maggie is solely responsible for the change in Will. Since she dragged him into marrying her he has changed into a strong, self-confident and self-assured man. At the end of act 1 he shows that he won't be bossed about by Hobson and becomes determined to marry Maggie. He turns into the strongest man in the play from being the weakest. He now knows what he is doing in life and is not afraid of changes as he was at the beginning of the play. He is now successful and respectable but he doesn't gloat or boast over Hobson's misfortunes. At the end of the play he shows of all his new qualities. Will's change has happened for the best for him without a doubt but not for Hobson. Hobson used to be in charge of Will and boss him around but now the tables have turned as Hobson now needs Will.

Biology and Chemical Warfare Essay -- science

Biology and Chemical Warfare Introduction Chemical and Biological Warfare, use of harmful or deadly chemical or biological agents as weapons of war. These agents can kill many people and are considered weapons of mass destruction. Chemical weapons are made up of poisonous chemical compounds, whereas biological weapons are living microorganisms. Toxin weapons contain poisonous chemical products of living organisms and are sometimes classified separately. Chemical and biological weapons can cause injury in several ways. Most cause injury or death when inhaled, and some cause injury through contact with skin or through ingestion of contaminated food. A chemical or biological attack usually involves dispersing agents into the air. This can be done in various ways, such as firing artillery shells that burst in mid-air, or using airplanes to spray the agents over an area. If released outdoors, these types of weapons can be affected by weather conditions. Rain would reduce the effectiveness of the agents, and wind might spread them in unexpected directions. Because chemical and biological agents are seen as random, dangerous, and particularly cruel weapons, they have rarely been used. In the 20th century, chemicals were used extensively as battlefield weapons only in World War I (1914-1918) and the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). The release of the nerve agent sarin in a Tokyo subway in 1995 was a rare terrorist chemical attack. The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention are the most recent international agreements prohibiting these types of weapons, and both have been signed by many countries. Nevertheless, analysts contend that following the Iran-Iraq War, more countries began to secretly develop chemical and biological weapons, and the threat of their use has become greater. Iraq in particular has been accused of stockpiling such weapons, and Iraqi resistance to United Nations weapons inspections in the late 1990s raised international awareness of the need for stronger efforts to control biological and chemical weapons. II. Chemical WarfarePrint section Chemical warfare involves the use of chemical compounds to kill or seriously injure an enemy. Several countries began eliminating their chemical weapons stockpiles in the 1990s, but the threat of their use still exists. A. Chemical AgentsPrint section... ...s, an explosive release is not necessary. Members of Aum Shinrikyo attacked the Tokyo subway by packing sarin in plastic containers. To release the nerve agent, they pierced the containers with sharp umbrella tips. The leaking liquid and vapor affected thousands of passengers. Microorganisms are generally more fragile than chemicals, and some might not survive an explosion. But several, like anthrax spores, do remain potent after an explosive release. In any case, United States Army tests have shown that biological agents can be broadly dispersed in a variety of non-explosive ways. In the 1950s and 1960s the Army released bacteria and chemical particles in hundreds of tests in populated areas throughout the country. Agents were sprayed at San Francisco from a boat offshore, dispensed from slow-moving cars in Minneapolis and St. Louis, and released from light bulbs dropped in the New York subway. The bacteria and chemicals in the tests were not as dangerous as actual warfare agents, although they posed some risks to the exposed populations. They demonstrated that an enemy or terrorist could expose millions of people to disease-causing organisms by a variety of simple techniques.

“Her Kind” by Anne Sexton Analysis Essay

After reading the poem â€Å"Her Kind† by Anne Sexton a lot of thought and emotion arises. It leaves a lot to be questioned and can be interpreted in many different ways depending on the reader. I perceive it as the author symbolically describing her experience with manic episodes that she endured, but she describes it all in the second person perspective. She writes of a â€Å"witch† who is dark spirited, â€Å"twelve fingered†, mentally abnormal, and isolated from her community. I translate her description of the â€Å"witch† as a oman simply experiencing her darkest hour. She is angry, hurt, conflicted, depressed and prefers to shy away from others. She feels unaccepted, misunderstood, and monstrous. She is experiencing enraged behavior due to the lack of comfort within herself; A crazy woman consumed by her own thoughts. The Author describes the â€Å"witch† finding â€Å"Shelter in the woods†. I’m unsure if she’s referring to an actual physical place, but I believe it is symbolic for a state of mind she goes into. The â€Å"woods† is her mental safe house so to speak. Fixed the suppers for the worms and elves† I interpreted as her calming her own thoughts of mischievous interference (as per elves), and when she speaks of worms she’s referring to the slow consumption of her mental health which she is trying to fight. â€Å"Whining, rearranging and disaligned † is referencing the â€Å"witches† thought pattern and process. She has constant unorganized, racing and droneful cognition. I translate the conclusion of the poem as the description of the Author’s, Anne Sextons, reluctant, yet necessary hospitalization. Symbolically, she is being transported to the hospital and as she â€Å"waved† her â€Å"nude arms at the villages going by’ theoretically it is her putting up a fight during her transport. â€Å"Learning her last bright routes, survivor† I decipher as the advisement of the treatment options available to her at the hospital. â€Å"Where your flames still bite my thigh† and â€Å"my ribs crack as your wheels wind† I depict as her receiving a shot to induce sedation and her fighting while being restrained and that the closer she gets to the hospital the ore she feels a sense of regret and shame. She is embarrassed that her mental deficiency has come to this point and she wasn’t strong enough to gain control of herself. â€Å"A woman like that is not ashamed to die† to me says she is so distressed, meek, humiliated, and fatigued by her mental instability, that death to her would not be a negative occurrence, if anything, she welcomes it and sees it as a way out. â€Å"Her Kind† is a very strong poem and is a very insightful look into a woman’s head ho is unbalanced and a bit unhinged. I feel sympathetic for Anne Sexton, who I have affirmatively believe the poem is regarding. It appears that she struggled with her illness and had to go through a lot to try to get some sort of mental stability. It seems aggravating, painful, and burdensome to have uncontrollable thoughts of anger, sorrow, rage, and shame. The poem suggests that Anne Sexton fought an intricate battle which sadly came to an end by her own hand. â€Å"Her Kind† by Anne Sexton Analysis By katal

Different Things That Can Affect the Rights of an Individual

UNIT 10 Task 2. 1 List 4 different things that can affect the rights of an individual (2. 1) Explain how the things you have listed could affect the rights of an individual (2. 1) 1. Murder- murder is really a serious factor that really affects all the rights of an individual, because taking one’s life is taking also all of his rights. As what it is written by the Law, every individual has the right to live. 2. Slavery and Forced Labour- slavery still exists nowadays, particularly this forced labour where an individual is working without any payment and in an unlimited hour.Individuals are working to have a source of income, to subsidize everyday’s needs like foods and money. Blood and sweats of individuals are the greatest sacrifice of an individual in order to live and to face the hardships of living. 3. Respect and Privacy- invasion of privacy is taking away one’s freedom. Disrespecting an individual is degrading one’s rights. Privacy is very important thing owned by an individual, it is like a treasure that should be kept carefully and must be respected by the others.Others should respect others’ privacy as they respect their own because having each own privacy is having a smuch secured freedom. 4. Discrimination- discriminating makes an individual thinks unworthy of himself. It sometimes forces an individual to commit suicide that caused him to death. Death is the end of life, the end of an individual’s rights. Task 2. 2 Produce a booklet that explains how we should respect the rights of others in the workplace. We can demonstrate respect with simple, yet powerful actions. These ideas will help us avoid needless, insensitive, unmeant disrespect, too. Treat people with courtesy, politeness, and kindness. * Encourage coworkers to express opinions and ideas. * Listen to what others have to say before expressing your viewpoint. Never speak over, but in, or cut off another person. * Don’t think of yourself only, we should think of others too. * Use people’s ideas to change or improve work. Let employees know you used their idea, or, better yet, encourage the person with the idea to implement the idea. * Never insult people, name call, disparage or put down people or their ideas. Do not nit-pick, constantly criticize over little things, belittle, judge, demeanor patronize. A series of seemingly trivial actions, added up over time, constitutes bullying. * Never ever covet your co-workers’ belongings; it is also a way of respecting them. * Treat people the same no matter their race, religion, gender, size, age, or country of origin. Implement policies and procedures consistently so people feel that they are treated fairly and equally. Treating people differently can constitute harassment or a hostile work environment. * Include all coworkers in meetings, discussions, training, and events.While not every person can participate in every activity, do not marginalize, exclude or leav e any one person out. Provide an equal opportunity for employees to participate in committees, task forces, or continuous improvement teams. Solicit volunteers and try to involve every volunteer. * Praise much more frequently than you criticize. Encourage praise and recognition from employee to employee as well as from the supervisor. * Be always a humble co-worker for others. * Don’t show poker acts towards your co-workers. Respecting others is respecting you too. We should respect others for them to respect us too.