E Cigarettes Are Beneficial For Smokers - 892 Words

E-cigarettes are beneficial for smokers and they can be used as alternatives for people who don’t want to quit smoking. Smokers can have same pleasure with less harm. Pearson, J. L., Richardson, A., Niaura, R. S., Vallone, D. M., Abrams, D. B. (2012). E-Cigarette Awareness, Use, and Harm Perceptions in US Adults. American Journal Of Public Health, 102(9), 1758-1766 9p. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300526 PhDs Pearson, J. L., Richardson, A., Niaura, R. S., Vallone, D. M., and Abrams, D. B wrote a journal article on American Journal of Public Health in 2012 and conducted an online survey to find out the awareness of e-cigarettes among people. The result is that most people have heard of e-cigarettes, which are used by millions of smokers. They think e-cigarettes are less harmful than normal cigarettes, but they consume more e-cigarettes with that interpretation. I can use the source to prove that most people are aware of e-cigarettes and young adults are more likely to smoke e-cigarettes. Even though e-cigarettes have less toxic contaminants, they are still harmful to humans’ health. E-cigarettes are better than tobaccos; however, they can still harm one’s health if he or she consumes e-cigarettes too much. The Rise of E-Cigarettes: Harmful or Harm-Reducing?. (2015). RT: The Journal for Respiratory Care Practitioners, 28(6), 16-19 4p. The article written on The Journal for Respiratory Care Practitioners in 2015 introduces that e-cigarettes become more and more popular amongShow MoreRelatedE Cigarettes And The Electronic Cigarette931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe electronic cigarette: a product designed to release aerosol by heating a liquid cartridge containing propylene glycol, glycerol, flavoring additives, and/or nicotine (Grana et al. 6). E-cigarettes use a plastic tube and an electronic heating element to stimulate a liquid cartridge. A nicotine-containing vapor, with few harmful elements, is released from the cartridge and inhaled by the user. (Franck et al. 2). In 2012, a European Commission study on awareness of e-cigarettes concluded that two-thirdsRead MoreThe Legal Considerations For E Cigarettes1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom deaths related to cigarette smoking. This costs the public over $300 billion. Have you ever wondered about alternatives to this habit? Have you ever wondered â€Å"what exactly is an e-cigarette?† Where did they originate? Does it pose a threat to health? Yes, we know that it is an alternative to cigarette smoking, but what is the big rave about this small device that has the center of attention for smokers? Today we will expand on the history and the science of e-cigarettes, and understand if thereRead MoreEssay On E-Cigs741 Words   |  3 Pagesside effects of e-cigs, especially to the young people. According to this report, the young people, below 25 years, are the most affected by the harmful effects of e-cigs. According to the report, there has been a large increase in young people who had tried or u se e-cigarettes. The report argued that at least a quarter of the students from grade 6 through to grade 12 had tried e-cigarettes. Also, a third of young adults had tried these products. Impacts of the Surgeon General E-cigs Report TheRead MoreSmoking On College Campuses Should Be Banned1675 Words   |  7 PagesSmoking, as one knows it, has become a stress-reliever worldwide. One will find a smoker pulling out a cigarette and lighting it up around every corner. Smoking has especially become a growing problem in college campuses. When a college student enters the college campus, they do not only enter a new campus, a new life is also entered. In this new experience, one will find themselves exploring new things. The power of the eye is remarkable in today’s society. When someone has a friend that is doingRead MoreShould Tobacco Cigarettes Be Harmful?1018 Words   |  5 Pagesis widely accepted that tobacco cigarettes are linked to cancer and lung disease, which is often a reason why people decide to quit. Due to the addictive nature of nicotine, a component of cigarettes, people have developed products in hopes of combatting this dangerous addiction. Nicotine replacement products come in different form s, such as gum, patches, and electronic cigarettes. While these creations are believed to aid in gaining back independence from cigarette addiction, there is some doubtRead MoreThe Act Of Inhaling Vapor ( Or Vaping )993 Words   |  4 Pagesincreased knowledge of how it harms the body. Tobacco once ruled the world; now in the digital age a new way to inhale smoke has come into being. Electronic Cigarettes, or e-cigs as they are more commonly known, have become very popular in recent years. The act of inhaling vapor (or vaping) has become a social norm; much like smoking a cigarette was just a few years ago. But with an increase in public usage the FDA must make a decision. In an OP-ED written by Sally L. Satel, M.D for the New YorkRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes881 Words   |  4 PagesElectronic Cigarettes; The New, Legal Way to Pollute the Body Over the last 10 years, a new craze has taken effect over the world. Electronic cigarettes or E-Cigs, have become popular among all generations. The question for the reader is simple. Is this alternative form of nicotine dependence healthy, or is society setting itself up for a big health shock in the upcoming years? â€Å"Many anti-smoking advocates have argued that electronic cigarettes don’t help smokers quit butRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes And Cigarette Smoking774 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco cigarette smoking includes various physical associations such as hand and mouth motions, suckling, and taking cigarette breaks (Oh Kacker, 2014). According to Patrounova, 2015, in comparison to other forms of nicotine replacement therapies, Electronic cigarettes satisfy smokers’ needs to fulfill certain smoking rituals. Electronic cigarettes may be able to quench certain urges and cravings due to its design, which can also assist in fulfilling the habitual dependence of smokers (PatrounovaRead MoreUsing Vaporizing Pens Are Becoming A Very Popular Trend Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesstill awaiting FDA approval, the electronic cigarette, or e-cigarette, is growing popularity among those attempting to quit smoking. Young people are using vaporizing pens as a â€Å"safe al ternative† to smoking. This issue needs to be addressed. Vaping is a lot more convenient than smoking traditional cigarettes. At a push of a button nicotine is being released. There also aren’t any laws or regulations on vapor pens like there are for traditional cigarettes. Vape pens also aren’t being used for justRead MoreThe Addiction Of Tobacco, Nicotine, And Smoking1492 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion what was going on and what was causing these negative reactions in the body. Soon enough, the healthy and â€Å"cool† cigarettes that everyone was smoking became the face of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, birth defects, and many other deadly bodily reactions. In the early 2000’s electronic cigarettes (ECs) were developed by a Chinese pharmacist that hoped to allow smokers to maintain their nicotine addiction, but limit or end the harmful and detrimental effects of tobacco on the body, due

Week 5 Assignment (Project Management) - 978 Words

Introduction to Project Management (Week 5: Assignment) Introduction The project manager of a construction company has developed the following network diagram for her building construction project. After receiving the plans, the manager must coordinate a number of tasks. Key areas she want to focus on, is time and risk. â€Å"Planning is responsible for project Time Management. The Plan process selects a scheduling methodology, tool, sets the format and establishes criteria for developing and controlling the schedule of a project. Rules and approaches for scheduling process are defined by the scheduling methodology†. PMI (2008) She uses the three-point technique â€Å"An analytical technique that uses three estimates to represent three†¦show more content†¦Risk analysis Once the project network analysis has been done it is then very important to review resources and budget availability, especially for the tasks in the critical path. Look at the project constraints, the technical constrain, may need special attention. Assign better resources on the critical path work and identify controls of these tasks. Lag for task B is near-critical activity â€Å"schedule task which has low total slack† PMI (2008), if this task delays by two weeks, the criticality will change to critical path with zero lag, hence a special focus and good control is must. Task C can save the project if completed below the estimated duration it will give an extra slack time to other tasks within critical path task C optimistic duration is 8 weeks. Task A is similar situation as task C, hence it’s wise to focus on these tasks. Reference: Project Management Institute (2008), A Guide to project management body of knowledge (PMBOK Guide)-4th End., Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073-3299 USA Wysocki, RK (2012), Effective Project Management [Electronic Book] Traditional, Agile, Extreme. Robert K. 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Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34 Free Essays

33 RIVERA During the drive to Pine Cove, Rivera was nagged by the idea that he had forgotten something. It wasn’t that he hadn’t reported where he was going; he had planned that. Until he had physical evidence that there was a serial killer in the area, he wasn’t saying a word. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But when he knocked on the Elliotts’ front door and it swung open, he suddenly remembered that his bullet-proof vest was hanging in his locker back at the station. He called into the house and waited for an answer. None came. Only cops and vampires have to have an invitation to enter, he thought. But there is probable cause. The part of his mind that functioned like a district attorney kicked in. â€Å"So, Sergeant Rivera,† the lawyer said, â€Å"you entered a private residence based on a computer data base that could have been no more than a mailing list?† â€Å"I believed that Effrom Elliott’s name on the list represented a clear and present danger to a private citizen, so I entered the residence.† Rivera drew his revolver and held it in his right hand while he held his badge out in his left. â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. Elliott, this is Sergeant Rivera from the Sheriff’s Department. I’m coming in the house.† He moved from room to room announcing his presence before he entered. The bedroom door was closed. He saw the splintered bullet hole in the door and felt his adrenaline surge. Should he call for backup? The D.A. said: â€Å"And so you entered the house on what basis?† Rivera came through the door low and rolled. He lay for a moment on the floor of the empty room, feeling stupid. What now? He couldn’t call in and report a bullet hole in a residence that he had probably entered illegally, especially when he hadn’t reported that he was in Pine Cove in the first place. One step at a time, he told himself. Rivera returned to his unmarked car and reported that he was in Pine Cove. â€Å"Sergeant Rivera,† the dispatcher said, â€Å"there is a message for you from Technical Sergeant Nailsworth. He said to tell you that Robert Masterson is married to the granddaughter of Effrom Elliott. He said he doesn’t know what it means, but he thought you should know.† It meant that he had to find Robert Masterson. He acknowledged the message and signed off. Fifteen minutes later he was at The Breeze’s trailer. The old pickup was gone and no one answered the door. He radioed the station and requested a direct patch to the Spider. â€Å"Nailgun, can you get me Masterson’s wife’s home address? He gave the trailer as residence when we brought him in. And give me the place where she works.† â€Å"Hold on, it’ll be just a second for her address.† Rivera lit a cigarette while he waited. Before he took the second drag, Nailsworth came back with the address and the shortest route from Rivera’s location. â€Å"It will take a little longer for the employer. I have to access the Social Security files.† â€Å"How long?† â€Å"Five, maybe ten minutes.† â€Å"I’m on my way to the house. Maybe I won’t need it.† â€Å"Rivera, there was a fire call at that address this morning. That mean anything to you?† â€Å"Nothing means anything to me anymore, Nailsworth.† Five minutes later Rivera pulled up in front of Jenny’s house. Everything was covered with a gummy gray goo, a mix of ashes, flour, and water from the fire hoses. As Rivera climbed out of the car, Nailsworth called back. â€Å"Jennifer Masterson is currently employed at H.P.’s Cafe, off Cypress in Pine Cove. You want the phone number?† â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"If she’s not here, I’ll go over there. It’s just a few doors down from my next stop.† â€Å"You need anything else?† Nailsworth sounded as if he was holding something back. â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"I’ll call if I do.† â€Å"Rivera, don’t forget about that other matter.† â€Å"What matter?† â€Å"Roxanne. Check on her for me.† â€Å"As soon as I can, Nailsworth.† Rivera threw the radio mike onto the passenger seat. As he walked up to the house, he heard someone come on the radio singing a chorus to the song â€Å"Roxanne† in a horrible falsetto. Nailsworth had shown his weakness over an open frequency, and now, Rivera knew, the whole department would ride the fat man’s humiliation into the ground. When this was over, Rivera promised himself, he would concoct a story to vindicate the Spider’s pride. He owed him that. Of course, that depended on Rivera vindicating himself. The walk to the door covered his shoes with gray goo. He waited for an answer and returned to the car, cursing in Spanish, his shoes converted to dough balls. He didn’t get out of the car at H.P.’s Cafe. It was obvious from the darkened windows that no one was inside. His last chance was the Head of the Slug Saloon. If Masterson wasn’t there, he was out of leads, and he would have to report what he knew, or, what was more embarrassing, what he didn’t know, to the captain. Rivera found a parking place in front of the Slug behind Robert’s truck, and after taking a few minutes to get his right shoe unstuck from the gas pedal, he went in. 34 U-PICK-EM The Pagan Vegetarians for Peace called them the Sacred Caves because they believed that the caves had once been used by Ohlone Indians for religious ceremonies. This, in fact, was not true, for the Ohlone had avoided the caves as much as possible due to the huge population of bats that lived there, bats that were inextricably locked into the destiny of the caves. The first human occupation of the caves came in the 1960s, when a down-and-out farmer named Homer Styles decided to use the damp interior of the caves to cultivate mushrooms. Homer started his business with five hundred wooden crates of the sort used for carting soda bottles, and a half-gallon carton of mail-order mushroom spores; total investment: sixteen dollars. Homer had stolen the crates from behind the Thrifty-Mart, a few at a time, over the period of weeks that it took him to read the pamphlet Fungus for Fun and Profit, put out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. After filling the crates with moist peat and laying them out on the cave floor, Homer spread his spores and waited for the money to roll in. What Homer didn’t figure on was the rapid growth rate of the mushrooms (he’d skipped that part of the pamphlet), and within days he found himself sitting in a cave full of mushrooms with no market and no money to pay for help in harvesting. The solution to Homer’s problem came from another government pamphlet entitled The Consumer-Harvested Farm, which had come, by mistake, in the same envelope with Fungus for Fun. Homer took his last ten dollars and placed an ad in the local paper: Mushrooms, $.50 lb. U-PICK-EM, your container. Old Creek Road. 9?C5 daily. Mushroom-hungry Pine Covers came in droves. As fast as the mushrooms were harvested, they grew back, and the money rolled in. Homer spent his first profits on a generator and a string of lights for the caves, figuring that by extending his business hours into the evening, his profits would grow in proportion. It would have been a sound business move had the bats not decided to rear their furry heads in protest. During the day the bats had been content to hang out on the roof of the cave while Homer ran his business below. But on the first night of Homer’s extended hours when the bats woke to find their home invaded by harshly lit mushroom pickers, their tolerance ended. There were twenty customers in the caves when the lights went on. In an instant the air above them was a maelstrom of screeching, furry, flying rodents. In the rush to exit, one woman fell and broke a hip and another was bitten on the hand while extracting a bat from her hair. The cloud of bats soon disappeared into the night, only to be replaced the next day by an equally dense cloud of landbound vermin: personal-injury lawyers. The varmints prevailed in court. Homer’s business was destroyed, and once again the bats slept in peace. A depressed Homer Styles went on a binge in the Head of the Slug. He spent four days in an Irish whiskey haze before his money ran out and Mavis Sand sent him to an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. (Mavis could tell when a man had hit bottom, and she felt no need to pump a dry well.) Homer found himself in the meeting room of the First National Bank, telling his story. It happened that at that same meeting a young surfer who called himself The Breeze was working off a court-ordered sentence he had earned by drunkenly crashing a ’62 Volkswagen into a police cruiser and promptly puking on the arresting officer’s shoes. The farmer’s story touched off an entrepreneurial spark in the surfer, and after the meeting The Breeze cornered Homer with a proposition. â€Å"Homer, how would you like to make some heavy bread growing magic mushrooms?† The next day the farmer and the surfer were hauling bags of manure into the caves, spreading it over the peat, and scattering a completely different type of spore. According to The Breeze their crop would sell for ten to twenty dollars an ounce instead of the fifty cents a pound that Homer received for his last crop. Homer was enraptured with the possibility of becoming rich. And he would have, if not for the bats. As the day of their first harvest neared, The Breeze had to take his leave of their plantation to serve the weekend in the county jail (the first of fifty – the judge had not been amused at having barf-covered police shoes presented as evidence in his courtroom). Before he left, The Breeze assured Homer that he would return Monday to help with the drying and marketing of the mushrooms. In the meantime, the woman who had been bitten during the debacle of the bats, came down with rabies. County animal-control agents were ordered to the caves to destroy the bat colony. When the agents arrived, they found Homer Styles crouched over a tray of psychedelic mushrooms. The agents offered Homer the option of walking away and leaving the mushrooms, but Homer refused, so they radioed the sheriff. Homer was led away in handcuffs, the animal-control agents left with their pockets filled with mushrooms, and the bats were left alone. When The Breeze was released on Monday, he found himself in search of a new scam. A few months later, while incarcerated at the state prison in Lompoc, Homer Styles received a letter from The Breeze. The letter was covered with a fine yellow powder and read: â€Å"Sorry about your bust. Hope we can bury the hatchet.† Homer buried the letter in a shoe box he kept under his bunk and spent the next ten years living in relative luxury on the profits he made from selling psychedelic mushrooms to the other inmates. Homer sampled his crop only once, then swore off mushrooms for life when he hallucinated that he was drowning in a sea of bats. How to cite Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34, Essay examples

Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India Essay Example

Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India Essay Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as a businesss policy to encourage positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities and all other member of the public who may be considered its stakeholders. [8] Analysis The Infosys Foundation The Infosys Foundation was established in the year 1996 with the goal of serving the under-privileged sections of the society The focus areas of the foundation are: We will write a custom essay sample on Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Learning and education in 2007, the foundation embarked on the Library for Every Rural School program to get people to donate books in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Kerala. It has since set up 35,000 school libraries, the largest rural education program in India. Healthcare Since its inception in 1996, the foundation has constructed hospital wards, donated medicines and advanced medical equipment to hospitals, and organized health camps in remote areas, all in order to get the under-privileged access to modern medical practices. Arts Culture The Infosys Foundation sustains and preserves several art forms that are unique to our country and form a part of our heritage. Over the years it has sponsored art and music shows by rural artists, sponsored documentaries on Indian culture and published books that delineate the roots of art in Karnataka. Social Rehabilitation and Rural Uplift The foundation works for the welfare of destitute women and children and also helps towards developing rural India by providing education and vocational skills. It has built orphanages where education is prioritized and organized training centres for destitute women in and around Karnataka. Assessment There are a number of observations to be made from the above. Firstly, Infosys is seen to be engaged in various, unconnected welfare activities. Though laudable, this may not be the best policy to adopt towards CSR because many of these have little or no relevance to its core business ability. Thus, there is a chance that it may drop them in the future if aspects of the activities start to clash with their normal business working. This will damage the entire premise of sustainability that the company promotes about its CSR. The extremely local nature of these activities (most are based in and around Karnataka) show that Infosys is perhaps trying to build a good relationship at home where it wants to address as many problems as possible. However, scaling up of these activities will be the real test of its CSR practices because being a global company it cannot afford to limit its welfare activities to only one region. This may raise questions about their sincerity as their efforts may be construed as simply trying to appease the authorities at home and maybe get benefits over its competition. In the next section we will see that in matters in which it has expertise, Infosys has already expanded its activities to the global level. Sustainable Social Change Infosys makes the proud claim of influencing sustainable social change through its varied development initiatives. [1] The following are some of these initiatives: Education and Intellectual Capability It is no secret that India is engineering-mad with Indian Engineering Institutions churning out over 500,000 science and engineering graduates every year. However, even as rival IT companies and a host of other recruiters vie with Infosys over the recruitment of the fresh, inexpensive engineering talent, there is little that these corporates have done to aid in the recognition and reward of top Indian research. This is a matter of pressing concern because not only does this hamper the intellectual capital of our country in relation to competition from overseas (Even China has more PhDs per capita than India) but it promotes a lack of systematic learning that ultimately results in making a lot of these graduates unfit for immediate industrial employment. It is here that Infosys has once again differentiated itself from the competition by undertaking ventures that promote science and engineering education as more than simply a means of landing a job. The Infosys Science Foundation (ISF) was set up with the goal of achieving the above. It was set up by some of the companys founder members in February 2009 with the aim to elevate the prestige of scientific research in India and inspire young Indians to choose a vocation in scientific research. The ISF honours outstanding contributions and achievements by Indians in various streams of science with the Infosys Prize in five categories: mathematical sciences, physical sciences, engineering and computer sciences, life sciences and social sciences. The award is given to Indian scientists below the age of 50. The Foundation is funded by an amount of Rs. 215,000,000 contributed by the members of the Infosys Board and an annual grant from Infosys Tech. Ltd. The annual award in each category amounts to Rs. 5,000,000. The importance of this award is highlighted by the names of its past winners and their achievements, for e.g. last year the award for Life Sciences went to Dr. Chetan Chitnis for having discovered the first viable malaria vaccine and the award for Engineering Sciences went to Prof. Ashutosh Sharma for his applications in energy storage. Along similar lines is the ACM Infosys Foundation Award in Computer Sciences, established in August 2007 and carrying a cash award of USD 150,000 provided by the Infosys Foundation Endowment. It aims to reward educators and researchers whose work in software systems foster innovations that address existing challenges in the domain. Assessment Unlike a number of Indian companies whose education related welfare activities focus primarily on issues of primary/basic education, Infosys initiatives are unique in that they are associated exclusively with the domain of higher technical education, a segment in which it is arguably the most respected company in the country. This allows it to create perfect synergy between its everyday business activities and its investments in the above initiatives because unlike a lot of other companies who get into CSR without doing their homework and as a result get accused of doing it for ulterior motives, Infosys engagement with the field of technical education is a natural extension of its business practices. Its approach in this direction must also be lauded. While Narayana Murty has been accused in the past of favouring foreign universities when it came to giving grants, his decision of having Infosys establish the above awards is a godsend for the research establishment in India because though grants may be siphoned off by agencies without the threat of accountability, awarding individuals for their excellence is more effective as it provides a greater encouragement for others to follow in their shoes. But Infosys has not completely ignored the primary and secondary education sectors either. It has just approached it in a different way and yet received accolades all the same. A case in point is the Akshaya Patra Foundation, which was founded in 2000 and has three senior Infosys members apart from numerous Infosys volunteers who work towards providing free midday meals to schoolchildren. The foundations functions in partnership with state and central governments and currently serves over 1.3 million students in 7699 schools across India. Its impact is easy to assess from third party recognitions: it was awarded an International Fellowship by the US Congressional Hunger Centre, it received the 2008 CNBC India Business Leader of the Year Award and it even made it to the MBA curriculum as a case study at the Harvard School of Business in 2007. Similarly, Infosys BPOs work on Project Genesis, under which it works to improve the written and spoken communication capabilities in addition to the analytical skills of students in Tier 2 and 3 towns of the country so that they become employable, was awarded as the best CSR initiative at the 8th National Outsourcing Association (NOA) Awards 2011, in London. It was especially lauded for making sure that no expense was incurred by the participating academicians in the program. Community Development Unlike the education schemes already mentioned, community development initiatives do not at first seem the best fit with the companys existing activities. However, Infosys has done its share of work in this domain too and while most of it has been in the vicinity of its offices, there are projects like the Flood Relief Project for the victims of northern Karnataka in which the company has participated quite actively. Only last year the first phase of their initiative to construct 2250 houses across 18 villages was completed and subsequently these houses were handed over to the villagers. Assessment This aspect of Infosys CSR efforts can also be criticized for not matching with the core business abilities of the organization. The question to be asked is whether Infosys could have done a better job as simply a service consultant (a domain in which it already has expertise) to a third-party organization and have the latter handle the actual on-ground developmental work. Also, nearly all of Infosys developmental work has come in the neighbourhood of Karnataka. The scalability of this work can be called into question much like in the case of the Infosys Foundation. Regionalized developmental work can always raise questions about its sincerity, i.e. whether they are simply means to appease the local public/authorities. Infosys Eco Group Plans and Implementation Infosys has been considering the worsening impact of businesses on the environment for several years and has understood the importance of a clean environment and energy efficient solutions. It has hence committed itself to come up with innovations which positively impact the environment and can lead to large energy savings. Many of these have been implemented at Infosys itself. Under this initiative of Green Innovation, Infosys has not only come with a number of ideas but has also implemented some of them in tangible forms: iSustain: Carbon energy and resource management tool that helps the user to generate and monitor the use of various resources such as energy and water etc. being used, take majors to allot them efficiently and also monitor the carbon footprint. InGreen Energy Management: A tool used by Infosys to monitor the energy consumption at micro level and to take majors to cut on unnecessary usage. Using this, Infosys has been successfully reducing its carbon emission at a rate of more than 5% per annum. InGreen Personal Carbon Calculator: A tool that helps the user organizations to assess their impact on ecological systems in terms of carbon emission. Smart Integrator for Smart Grid: A device that continuously monitors the power usage of various devices in the range using a sensor and controls them accordingly. Infosys also plans to become carbon neutral and shift to entirely renewable energy by 2017. The steps taken for the same seem to be promising which include building of renewable energy power generation plants (recently they have built a solar energy plant at Jaipur Campus) and aiming for a platinum rating, the highest rating given by LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) for environment friendly architecture. In January 2012, the third building at the Mysore Campus achieved this rating. Besides these, Infosys has been taking small but effective measures to reduce its own energy consumption, such as building designs with maximum exposure to natural light, design of windows which could lead to reduction in room temperature thus saving on air conditioning consumption of energy, increasing use of green power and use of recycled water. (Refer Exhibit 1) Assessment In year 2011, Infosys has saved more than 4 lakh units of conventional energy units through the use of the renewable energy sources. Not only has this helped in energy conservation but it has also resulted in savings of Rs. 20 Crore for the organization. In a similar way, innovative ideas such as smart integrator, rooms having maximum exposure to day light, optimum room temperature maintenance measures and use of LED and CFL tubes in place of conventional ones saved more than 7 lakh units of electricity, accounting for monetary benefit of Rs. 35 lakhs. In addition to these, Infosys is working closely with the Karnataka Government and Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission (KERC) for implementation of renewable energy power plants. It has been successful in convincing KERC to remove the cross-subsidy on renewable energy thus reducing its cost. Moreover as a result of these efforts, KERC has made it compulsory for the power utilities in Karnataka to buy at least 0.25% of total energy in form of solar energy, which will cost the end users only 4 paise more than regular rate per unit. Though listed under the CSR activities and initiated as Green Innovations, the activities mentioned above are not only intended to improve the environmental conditions as a social need but are also aimed at a reduction in Infosys energy consumption thereby giving it a competitive advantage as it can sell these innovative solutions to its clients as well. It is these latter observations that have been points of concern for critics who blame Infosys of hyping its energy savings and accuse it of Greenwashing. [18] Employee-Driven CSR Employees at Infosys are given ample opportunities to contribute to the society. This way of engaging employees to have hands on experience on CSR can also help the society, which needs responsible citizens to contribute man hours. The policy also helps these employees to attain their personal aspirations of serving the society. This sabbatical policy was initiated in the year 2008, where all the employees are encouraged to work through Infosys Foundation to support the needs of the society. The company as an entity is greatly supportive of its employees in executing the initiatives. The employees are made to pledge that they will make a difference to the society on a consistent basis. For effective execution, the company has individual divisions which run independent of each other under major themes like Health, Art, Education, Rural welfare and Rehabilitation and Targeted inclusive growth. A governance framework has also been put in place to streamline and implement the employee driven CSR initiatives in order to provide operational efficiencies and financial transparency.

Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Essay Example

Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Essay Example Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Essay Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Essay Lockheed Martin is an American aerospace multinational that besides specializes in defence. security and advanced engineering industries. The corporation was instituted in 1995 following the amalgamation between Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta ( Yenne. 2000 ) . The corporation is based in Bethesda in Maryland with planetary centres that specialize in different facets of the corporation’s many operations. Presently. the corporation employs over 120. 000 employees scattered across the universe. Soon. Lockheed is one of the largest defence contractors in the universe and enjoys about limitless orders across the universe. The operations of the corporation are divided into different sections consisting electronic systems ( 27 % ) . astronauticss ( 27 % ) . information systems and planetary solutions ( 27 % ) and infinite systems ( 19 % ) . Today. US authorities contracts account for much of the corporation’s gross while foreign authorities contracts besides make up a significant portion of the gross. On the other manus. orders from commercial clients merely make up a mere 2 % of the entire gross the corporation cyberspaces in a twelvemonth. In 1996. the corporation finalized the programs to get Lorad Corporation which later became portion of the corporation at a cost of $ 9. 1 billion. Like any other planetary corporation prosecuting 1000s of employees across the universe. Lockheed is surely faced with a myriad of challenges that usually define concern operations in the present universe. One of the greatest challenges confronting the corporation is the demand to turn to employee concerns and efficaciously undertake the facets of employee and industrial dealingss without many jobs like is ever the instance. On certain cases the corporation has had to confront the challenge of striking workers and travel slow as employees complained about assorted facets associating to their operations in the organisation ( Terris. 2010 ) . In that respect. the facet of covering with these employee concerns has been one of the greatest employee challenges impacting the organisation. Like most workers in the industry. most of Lockheed’s workers are unionized under the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace workers and are ever portion and package of the activities steered by the association. The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers is a worker organisation. which draws its beginning in 1888 when a group of 19 mechanics came together and formed the Order of the United Machinists and Mechanical Engineers. With clip. the little organisation grew in rank and adopted the present name. The organisation has had a disruptive history characterized by the growing of labour motions in the 20th century. The growing of the brotherhood went in tandem with the development of the conveyance industry throughout the old ages as more and more workers became employed in the industry. During its formation. the organisation was by and large a secret matter given that employers of the clip were really critical and hostile toward organized labour motions. However. the Order quickly spread beyond its formation zone of Georgia and was shortly a recognized matter in the United States. Much of the growing in the rank of the brotherhood was largely evidenced during the World Wars when workers in the conveyance industry increased owing to the increased demand of vehicles and aeroplanes ( Cimini. 1994 ) . In the class of the seventiess. the brotherhood was segmented into several divisions covering with specific issues impacting the members. These included civil rights. forming. older workers and retired workers and adult females. At a convection held in 1984 in Seattle. Washington. the delegates voted and decided to utilize the Placid Harbor Education Center in order to develop and educate the members of the brotherhood. In 1998. the centre was renamed to the Winpisinger Education and Technology Center in order to acknowledge and honour the late president of the brotherhood. Throughout history. the brotherhood has ever addressed the issues impacting the workers and negotiated with the relevant employers on specific facets associating to the public assistance of the employees Contract Management. 2010 ) . Over 3000 workers of Lockheed Corporation are unionized under the IAM and are ever in path with the labour brotherhood. The brotherhood has ever negotiated in several cases sing the public assistance of the workers of Lockheed. In 2009. IAM came under much dialogue with the direction of Lockheed at Fort Worth where the corporation manufactures jets. The issues at drama in that instance were healthcare costs and pensions where the workers were over 3. 900 people in entire resistance with the direction of the corporation. At an reference to the workers on 19th April. 2009. IAM President promised the workers that the brotherhood would keenly negotiate for a just and merely contract between the members and the direction of Lockheed ( Julian A ; Denver. 2011 ) . The nucleus of the affair in this respect emerged out of the determination by Lockheed’s direction to denote that it would extinguish pension plans for new hires and would besides increase health care costs for all the workers at the corporation’s Fort Worth works. The IAM Negotiating Committee promised that it would efficaciously turn to the issue with the parties and warned Lockheed against its incorrect moves. There were besides allegations that the company was be aftering to present really expensive health care programs if the workers rejected the thought of riddance of the so present health care program ( Sears. 2006 ) . In the class of the dialogue. the brotherhood thwarted the attempts by the company to maintain the proceedings off from the workers. They sporadically informed the workers on whatever was transpirating between them and the direction. Much of this attempt was complemented when the brotherhood created a web site from where information associating to the predating negotiations was posted and the workers could easy follow. The brotherhood organized a series of commissions to manage the assorted logistics of the work stoppage and to maintain the employees every bit good as the populace good informed of the proceedings. Several commissions came into formation. including the work stoppage commission. communicating. community service. movie crew and kitchen ( 2010 ) . These commissions were fundamentally helping the brotherhood functionaries in turn toing the challenge of the negotiations given that the populace and the authorities had really particular involvement in the whole state of affairs. In the class of the dialogues. the brotherhood functionaries presented the direction of the corporation with an economic counter proposal. The direction was supposed to travel over the proposal and respond to the assorted inquiries that were thereby addressed. After traveling through the contents of the proposal. the functionaries of the organisation invited the brotherhood functionaries to the bargaining tabular array. In their statements. the direction enunciated that their program to cut off the pension for the new hires was merely appropriate and was fundamentally a procedure of turn toing the challenges the organisation was confronting at that clip. In the procedure. it appeared that the direction of the corporation was really inexorable and did non desire to yield land on the bargaining tabular array. While the direction claimed that they really paid their workers good and they could therefore afford the new proposal it was seting frontward. the brotherhood members wholly rejected the impression as giving through one manus and pickings by the other which was fundamentally unethical in concern pattern. As portion of the initial dialogues. the direction of Lockheed confirmed that it had given the brotherhood the option of accepting a 3 per centum pay rise addition for the contract workers who were confronting the challenge of the health care program ( Boyne. 2010 ) . Furthermore. extra subscribing fillip of $ 3. 000 was besides offered per worker as portion of the trade. This was to be supplemented by $ 800 to cover the one-year addition in the cost of life in the United States. Harmonizing to the direction. this was fundamentally to be a eventuality program in order to turn to the cardinal issue at manus and enable the workers to return to their work. In the same procedure. Lockheed was confronting similar force per unit area from Pentagon and was earnestly in a hole to accept the proposals of the brotherhood. It was. nevertheless. a blow for the company when the brotherhood functionaries wholly rejected the eventuality programs on the history that they had neer been successful in the yesteryear and that the company had ever non honored such duties ( Anderson. 2009 ) . In revenge. Lockheed created the position that it could efficaciously go on its operations without much respect to the nonionized workers who were seeking a alteration of the health care programs. The corporation announced that the mployed workers would efficaciously replace the nonionized workers in the class of the operations ( ( IAMAW. 2012 ) . For a piece. amid the dialogue negotiations. it appeared that the work stoppage was really an ageless matter given that most operations in the corporation had began restarting despite the dramatic nonionized members. It was surely a blow and a great challenge to the dialogue procedure and it created the demand for farther negotiations and steps to turn to the state of affairs. The emerging state of affairs presented the brotherhood functionaries with a batch of challenges and they opted to seek for alternate steps of operations while go oning with the dialogue procedure. Corporate bargaining was efficaciously used in the dialogue between the brotherhood functionaries and the direction of the corporation. For a piece. it appeared that much of the attempts of the brotherhood and the workers would non tire any fruit given the adamance of the direction in seeking to revoke the initial programs. However. visible radiation was seen at the terminal of the tunnel when eventually the direction of Lockheed agreed to give their presentation sing a new pension program that they had opted to follow alternatively of their earlier proposal. However. the brotherhood was really acute on accepting the proposal and several more dialogues were farther made before an amicable solution was reached. In any instance. corporate bargaining had been the most applicable scheme in the dialogue procedure and it surely appeared that most of the challenges of the workers at that clip had been resolved at least for a piece. The unit that was involved in the corporate bargaining procedure was drawn from the members of the brotherhood and besides had representation from the nonionized members. The commissions that were established had really been drawn from the corporation’s workers. The dialogue procedure fundamentally consisted of the brotherhood functionaries and the direction of Lockheed who were largely represented by the top functionaries at the corporation. The corporation being the largest defence contractor in the United States and beyond meant that the authorities has a batch of involvement in its operations. Pentagon. therefore. played a great function in the dialogue procedure by its advice on the direction to earnestly see the specific facets that were under consideration in order to avoid any break of the production procedure. At the terminal. it was realized that the basic issues of wellness attention and pension programs that had really affected the workers were resolved rather amicably and the whole episode ended efficaciously. The direction of Lockheed is surely faced with a myriad of challenges. which usually affect the operational procedure. In any instance. the corporation has ever continued to turn to the issues impacting the employees in the most effectual mode that reciprocally benefits all the parties in the negotiating tabular array. ( Rubenstein. 2007 ) In decision. it has to be stressed that the facets of employee dealingss is a cardinal issue that affect big and little corporations likewise. The most of import concern is. nevertheless. the demand to supply effectual working environment and turn to the challenges confronting the employees in the most effectual manner possible. The function of the labour brotherhoods in this respect can non be overemphasized given their imperative function in stand foring the demands of the workers. In the corporate bargaining procedure as a manner of seeking to get at amicable solution with respect to the issues impacting the organisation. it is realized that common apprehension on each portion of the deal squad is surely an of import consideration in the procedure. Whichever the instance. dialogues can ever assist turn to the issues so long as the parties approach such dialogues with the earnestness they surely deserve.

Origins and Use of Amaranth in Prehistoric America

Origins and Use of Amaranth in Prehistoric America Amaranth is a grain with high nutrition value, comparable to those of maize and rice. Amaranth has been a staple in Mesoamerica for thousands of years, first collected as a wild food, and then domesticated at least as early as 4000 BC. The edible parts are the seeds, which are consumed whole toasted or milled into flour. Other uses of amaranth include dye, forage and ornamental purposes. Amaranth is a plant of the family of Amaranthaceae. About 60 species are native to the Americas, whereas less numerous are the species originally from Europe, Africa, and Asia. The most widespread species are native to North, Central and South America, and these are A. Cruentus, A. caudatus, and A. hypochondriacus. Amaranthus cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus are native of Mexico and Guatemala. The first one is used in Mexico to produce typical sweets called alegrà ­a, in which the amaranth grains are toasted and mixed with honey or chocolate. Amaranthus caudatus is a widely distributed staple food both in South America and in India. This species originated as one of the staple foods for the ancient inhabitants of the Andean region. Amaranth Domestication Amaranth was probably widely used among hunter-gatherers in both North and South America. The wild seeds, even if small in size, are produced in abundance by the plant and are easy to collect. Evidence of domesticated amaranth seeds comes from the Coxcatlan cave in the Tehuacan valley of Mexico and dates as early as 4000 BC. Later evidence, like caches with charred amaranth seeds, has been found throughout the US Southwest and the Hopewell culture of the US Midwest. Domesticated species are usually larger and have shorter and weaker leaves which make the collection of the grains simpler. As other grains, seeds are collected through rubbing the inflorescences between the hands. Use of Amaranth in ancient Mesoamerica In ancient Mesoamerica, amaranth seeds were commonly used. The Aztec/Mexica cultivated large quantities of amaranth and it was also used as a  form of tribute payment. Its name in Nahuatl was huauhtli. Among the Aztecs, amaranth flour was used to make baked images of their patron deity, Huitzilopochtli, especially during the festival called Panquetzaliztli, which means â€Å"raising banners†. During these ceremonies, amaranth dough figurines of Huitzilopochtli were carried around in processions and then divided up among the population. The Mixtecs of Oaxaca also recognized a great importance to this plant. The precious Postclassic turquoise mosaic covering the skull encountered within Tomb 7 at Monte Alban was actually kept together by a sticky amaranth paste. Cultivation of amaranth decreased and almost disappeared in Colonial times, under the Spanish rule. The Spanish banished the crop because of its religious importance and use in ceremonies that the newcomers were trying to extirpate. Sources Mapes, Christina and Eduardo Espitia, 2001, Amaranth, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, vol. 1, edited by David Carrasco, Oxford University Press. pp: 13-14 Sauer, Jonathan D., 1967, The Grain Amaranths and Their Relatives: A Revised Taxonomic and Geographic, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 103-137

Risk Management Assessment Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management Assessment Summary - Essay Example Tatum (2011) notes that â€Å"Risk management is a logical process or approach that seeks to eliminate or at least minimize the level of risk associated with a business operation.† In the health sector, there are a couple of risks that can be pointed out off hand. Miller (2011) quotes the Joint Commission in-charge of the certification of healthcare organizations in the United States. The commission identifies types of risks in the healthcare industry and also defines risk management in the health care industry as â€Å"clinical and administrative activities undertaken to identify, evaluate, and reduce the risk of injury to patients, staff, and visitors and the risk of loss to the organization itself." In relation to the target set by the hospital, undertaking risk management at Trinity Hospital would therefore mean taking steps to identify all possible risks, while putting in place structures to critically evaluate the risks and coming out with prompt solutions on how to red uce the effect of the risks. At Trinity Hospital, three common risks can be pointed to. These risks have been with the hospital for long and needs to be curtailed if the hospital is really keen with achieving its set target of improving healthcare delivery and increasing number of patients it attends to. The three risks are deaths during medical operation, employee turnover and financial meltdown. These three risks are transversal meaning they cut across all spheres of the hospital’s management. It is not one sided but then has to do with the activities and roles played by almost every employee and management member of the hospital. The risk of deaths during medical operations affects the organizations badly in the sense that it gives a very bad image of the hospital in the sight of the public, seeking for improved healthcare. In the hospital’s bid to reach out to more patients in the