UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT OF YEMEN Research Paper

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT OF YEMEN - Research Paper Example The Joshua Project uses two percent of an indigenous population as the minimum percentage of a population that can impact an entire nation (Hoskins, 2005). Yemen unreached status stems from their topography which varies from hot coastal plains to cool mountains, and scorching deserts. This climatically challenges missionaries willing to spread the gospel there (Joshua, 2009). Secondly, their social and tribal structure has prevented penetration by Christians since all persons and goods passing through their towns are strictly controlled. They have various tribes which are ruled by Arab Chiefs who often fight each other. The belief system is the third reason for their unreached status. Despite being predominately influenced by Islam religion, the different Islamist sects complicate evangelism even further. Zaydis which is the largest sect is obsessive and warrior-like. They view all wars as a crusade against all non-Muslim believers to the extent that any Muslim converting and professing faith in Jesus Christ can be killed (McCarthy, 2004). This belief system and antagonism towards the Gospel creates major challenges to any evangelizati on efforts to this unreached group of people. The Great Commission forms the basis of missions in the Christian faith. Christ Himself commanded his followers in the Great Commission to go out and spread the gospel to the ends of the world. In a bid to obey this commandment, Christian missionaries travel to the furthest corners of the world so as to reach the unreached groups with the gospel message (The Yemeni Arabs, 2012). They have devised creative ways of reaching such groups for example extending hospitality, sinking boreholes, providing health care amongst other ways. Despite all this well intended cause, the missionaries experience unspeakable challenges as they try to reach out. They face rejection, persecution, battle with doubt and even death. On the

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay William Golding, the Nobel Prize winning author is probably best known for his novel Lord of The Flies. The story tells about how a group boys are stranded in an island in the pacific after the plane they were on was shot down. The boys attempt to recreate the culture they left behind through democracy and election but slowly the boys are lured from civility and rational thought to primeval tribalism. William Golding uses many ways to describe this change in the boys in an interesting way that will manage to keep the audience engaged. He uses many literary devices to achieve this result, one of them is symbols. An example of a symbol used frequently in the Lord of The Flies is weather. William Golding uses the elements of weather effectively in Lord of The Flies to symbolize a kind of universal assessment of the actions, making the novel more interesting, and representing the inner feelings of the characters. Golding manages to use elements of weather effectively to symbolize a kind of universal assessment of the action and dramatic events in the novel. Elements of weather are used to represent the action that is taking place and to also foreshadow future events. For example, Golding uses weather to slowly hint or indicate Simons death. This is visible in the statement There was a blink of bright light beyond the forest and the thunder exploded again so that a littlun started to whine. Big drops of rain fell among them making individual sounds where they struck (Golding, 186). By reading this, readers can feel that the atmosphere and mood has changed for the worse. When Ralph says, Going to be a storm and youll have rain like when we dropped here, Golding is trying to indicate to us that something big is about to take place later in the novel. Besides that, after Simon dies there heavy rain; The water bounded from the mountain-top, tore leaves and branches from the trees, poured like a cold shower over the struggling heap on the sand. (Golding, 188). So the rain is used here to represent the sadness caused by Simons death as he was a victim of the savage actions of the hunters. This part makes the readers feel sorry for Simon but the readers also know that Simon couldnt do anything to fight back. Golding doesnt present the sadness of Simons death directly but instead chooses to use weather to present it to the readers. In a nutshell, the elements of weather are used at the right place and at the right time, making the action and dramatic events in the  novel much more intense. William Golding also uses the elements of weather to make the story more attractive and to create a more gripping atmosphere. Golding manages to use the weather to portray some situations with a mysterious and serious air. Golding also uses weather to make the readers feel as though they are at that particular scene and can experience the weather at that time. This is done to create intense emotions in the reader. During Simons death Golding uses the weather to complement the Lord of The Flies as being omens for something evil that is about to happen. Phrases like Colours drained from water and trees and the pink surfaces of the rock, and the white and brown clouds brooded (Golding, 176) show that something bad is about to happen and creates an ill mood and also in a way makes readers more anxious as to actually what is the evil event that is going to happen. The line The blue white-scar was constant, the noise unendurable (Golding, 188) makes the reader nervous of the uncertain weat her. This also helps to create interest in the reader who will want to know whether there is a relation between the terrible weather and events that are to come. Golding realises the power of weather to explain a situation or to signify something. In the past the ancients believed in the power of weather to influence our lives. For example, they believed in rain gods and sometimes performed rituals to ensure that there was sufficient rain. Weather also can have an impact on peoples moods. For example sunny weather makes people hopeful and happy as opposed to cloudy days which create depression. All of this shows how weather has the ability to influence a person and William Golding realising this has used weather to create interest in readers and thus has made the novel more interesting. Besides that, William Golding has managed to use elements of weather successfully in the novel The Lord of The Flies to portray the inner feelings of the characters in the novel. He uses different types of weather to portray or symbolize different moods or emotions that the characters are feeling at that particular moment or period. Cloudy and dark skies are used to create an ominous mood that symbolizes that something bad is about to happen. This causes reader to feel apprehensive about future events.  Meanwhile, rain and thunderstorms are used to symbolize fear and frenzy. This element is sometimes used by Golding in place of words between characters to portray frantic activity that is taking place. Hope is also symbolized in different ways such as the sun appearing after rain and the coming of peaceful dusk. Among the examples Golding uses to symbolize hope in the boys can be found in the beginning of chapter 1. The statement The undergrowth of the side of the scar was shaken an d a multitude of raindrops fell pattering (Golding, 1) is used to symbolize hope within the boys because the way the rain stops and how the sun has come out resembles a new beginning for the boys to look forward to. Another example of hope in the boys can be found at the end of chapter 3. The statement Now the sunlight had lifted clear from the open space and withdrawn from the sky (Golding, 60) clearly illustrates how Simon feels hope that he will be at peace with nature. This is signified by cool, calm darkness setting on the jungle and the opening of the candle buds and flowers. Golding also uses weather to create a mood of gloom and impending evil. An example of this is the statement Over the island the build-up of clouds continued (Golding, 163). This creates an ominous mood among Piggy and Ralph symbolized by the large clouds covering the sky signalling that it was going to rain. Besides that, Golding also manages to use rain and thunderstorms to symbolize frenzy and fear. An example of this can be found in the statement The dark sky was shattered by a blue-white scar (Golding, 171). The element of lightning and thunder here symbolizes how the boys are increasing scared and in a frenzy as they dance and chant. Besides Goldings examples in The Lord of The Flies, elements of weather are also used in movies regardless of language. For example lightning is sometimes portrayed in movies when the characters suddenly realize something or when a dramatic event has taken place. In conclusion, elements of weather are a great way to symbolize the inner feelings of characters and William Golding has used them to great effect in his novel. In conclusion, the power of weather as a symbol cannot be underestimated. Elements of weather have the ability to portray characters emotions, foreshadow future events and to also catch and hold readers attention. Golding, realising the importance of weather as a symbol has used it  consistently throughout the book. All major events have been related to elements of weather successfully. As a result, Golding has managed to make the readers feel what he intended them to feel. So in brief, Goldings usage of the elements of weather in the Lord of the Flies has symbolized a universal assessment of the action, has made the novel more interesting and has represented the inner feelings of the characters. Work Cited: Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. educational edition. Great Britain: Faber and Faber Limited, 1996.

Problem Statement Of Telecom Technologies

Problem Statement Of Telecom Technologies The history of telephony took birth in 1876 when Graham Bell succeeded in making first ever voice transmission; then we observed 1st public cellular phone in 1946 and the introduction of the very first commercial mobile network in 1992. Weve been moving forward, making great discoveries all along, making innovations in different technologies, disciplines and life styles. 1992 was a start of the speech transmission now which stands as a perfect master piece of art and is ready to take a jump into the hyper connectivity. We have jumped into a BW hungry population which have ensued in overturning the technologies and the mobile telephony is no exception to that. Infact data requirement now explicates major revenue pours in any modern mobile network, so we are always hunting for methods to heighten and step-up the data rates. From the infancy mobile networks in 1992 grew to a developed network into the 2nd Generation then 2.5th Generation networks. Then we observed a transition from GSM technology to UMTS or WCDMA. That was called as 3rd Generation Technology. 1.2 Problem Statement Progression in telecom technologies has become an unavoidable phenomenon. Telecom markets are reshaping themselves into 3G networks. 3G UMTS/WCDMA licensing and spectrum auctioning has happened in all the major markets including the developing economies similar to Pakistan. There are almost over 405 million UMTS/WCDMA subscribers in 320 networks in over 130 countries. This number is growing at an exponential pace as more and more networks embrace this technology. However, Pakistan has unfortunately delayed the 3G licensing and spectrum auction now for over 3 years and is lagging behind in offering broadband and other consumer oriented EM (electronic mobile) applications such as health, education, commerce, video conferencing over its mobile networks. While, the importance of 3G licensing is a key aspect from the consumer point of view but an early adoption by the operators could have resulted in less capex and opex today since most of the sites especially in the larger cities are for providing excess Voice Data capacity which could have been avoided by deployment of 3G networks While, some of the operators are still resisting the 3G licensing but most of them have shown this resistance due to likely higher Spectrum Fee being envisaged by the Government for 3G. The Operators are of the view that the spectrum should be offered at cheaper tariff so that investment goes into infrastructure and not licensing. The other issue confronting the regulator and policy makers is whether to open up the process to new players or limit the auction to only the existing operators. To Identify and Analyse Impediments of 3rd Generation Telecommunication Technology to Develop Remedial Measures for its Early Deployment in Pakistan 1.3 Objectives of Thesis To study Mobile Wireless Technologies To Study and Analyze Market and Consumer Requirements for 3G To Study and Analyze the current Telecommunication Policies, Rules and Regulations with regards to the adoption and implementation of Technologies To identify Impediments (Issues and Challenges) in deployment 3G (Conclusions) To present Measures and Recommendations for early deployment of 3G in Pakistan 1.4 Significance of Research Due to consistent and unwavering growth patterns Pakistan Mobile Industry has achieved land mark of 100 million subscribers at the end of July 2010. In order to make the sector more efficient in utilizing the telecom resources, PTA has implemented the infrastructure sharing SOPs, which will not only make the operators more efficient but also would give them huge cost saving and reduce environmental hazards in the country. The much awaited 3G licensing is just around the corner, where all the necessary work has been completed and the Authority is waiting for a policy by the Government of Pakistan to initiate the licensing process. In continuation to its efforts PTA has been arranging seminars on 3G for creating awareness about the 3G services and to foresee and discuss the challenges that the industry may face with the introduction of 3G services. 3G is known as Third generation telecommunication technology as specified in the ITU standards. Unveiling of this technology has chipped in a new driving force to the mobile concepts. It now extends the user, a broad array of facilities. The most significant among them is the efficient use of the spectrum. Ameliorated efficiency in the system has bestowed upon the availability of broadband internet in the cellular phone. This remarkable invention has also made it possible to accomplish extended wireless telephony, broadband internet and video calls in the cell phone. Strictly speaking, the 3G technology has overturned the requirements to make it a complete, compact device by providing multifaceted applications. Using internet on the 3G phone has established a new attribute to the all-pervasive internet usage. The 3G technology has successfully attained faster service facilities. Development of a website or making a blog is now simpler then ever before. Desktops, due to its static nature have certain limitations. While mobile phone could accomplish the same result as its similitude, it was a good change for the consumers. Impact of this new technology in the cell phone sphere will be satisfying. Mobile phone industry is functioning in a superb competitive environment. By use of this technology, the user can browse internet and find an online dealer to purchase the products. Other fields that have profited from this technology are; online entertainment, messaging, news and security. 1.5 Limitations of the Research Though Officials of PTA were very accommodative and provided with the thorough and comprehensive information about upcoming 3G technology but all was an unofficial version moreover they were hesitant to provide with the definite PTA policy on the adoption of 3G. Due to rivalry and cutthroat competition among the Mobile Telecom Operators, access to their information regarding up gradation or operational readiness of 3G infrastructure was somewhat inaccessible. 1.6 Research Methodology 1.6.1 Phase 1 Initially Problem was identified, Despite having second highest teledensity, Pakistan is the only country left in the region to deploy 3G Technology 1.6.2 Phase 2 In the second phase it was compulsory to get to know about the 3G technology right from the scratch to learn its economics over the existing technologies. We studied the architecture of the mobile networks of all the technologies from 1G to 3G consulting the web (thanks to the web inventors), the published white papers and the Books on Wireless Technology. 1.6.3 Phase 3 In this phase we paid visits to PTA, FAB and the Mobile Operators, and were able to get unofficial version of their views regarding deployment of long awaited 3G technology in Pakistan. Moreover we pondered over the case studies of different countries who adopted 3G technology. Example in hand is India. 1.6.4 Phase 4 While studying the international trend towards 3G we made a compared the statistics of the market and consumers of Pakistan and more over had a look into the concerns of the regulatory body and the mobile operators. 1.6.5 Phase 5 We then analysed the situation and came up with certain issues / concerns of the government, the mobile operators and the consumers. A solution representing remedial measures have been highlighted, following which will address the issues and create a roadmap for early adoption of 3G technology as there is lot of potential for the operators as well the government to earn fortune. 1.7 Structure of the Thesis Introduction (Chapter-1) In this chapter Introduction and Background along with significance of research, limitations and methodology has been highlighted. Literature Review (Chapter-2) In this chapter Mobile Wireless Technologies including 3G have been thoroughly deliberated upon with an over view on technologies beyond 3G. Analysis and Discussions (Chapter-3-6) In these chapters Consumer Market and Regulations have been dwelled upon to find out the impediments delaying the adoption of 3G in Pakistan. Epilogue (Chapter-7-8) In these chapters we have put across recommendations to the Government and the Operators to address the issues highlighted and pave a smooth way to adoption of the next generation telecommunication technology.

i Felt A Funeral, In My Brain :: essays research papers

In my opinion, Emily Dickinson as a transcendentalist used her poetry to describe the process of transcendental meditation, particularly the meditation of death. In this poem she tries to allow us to expierience our true nature by entering directly into our conscious. The poem is a deep seeking of the nature of death, the death that is a process of expansion and transformation from solidarity to a spaciousness. When she says: "I felt a funeral in my brain, and mourners to and fro, kept treading, treading till it seemed that sense was breaking through... " She focuses on the sensation of being in the body, feeling the body's substantiality and solidity, and the heaviness caused by gravity pulling on its very substance. When she says ..."And then I heard them lift a box and creak across my soul, With those same boots of lead, again the space began to toll..." I believe this to be an expression of the awareness a "Light Body" expieriences, seeing , tasting, touching, and the like. The body that is within the heavy or outer body. "As all the heavens were a bell, and being but an ear, and I, and silence, some strange race, wrecked, solitary here" I believe is a reference to the phase where the "Light Body" becomes seperated from the "Heavy Body" and everything floats free. "And then a plank in reason broke, and I dropped down, and down, and hit a world at every plunge, and finished knowing then-" I believe this to be gently and gradually dying and into the light and free of knowing. Thinking that all that comes to mind is old and are just old thoughts, and we do not have to hold to them. Giving a new birth to ourselves, to observe peace, mercy, kindness, and healing the pain we suffer from.

Production Supervisor

KRA (Key Responsibility Area/Key Results Area): â€Å"Key Result Areas† or KRAs refer to general areas of outcomes or outputs for which the department’s role is responsible. A typical role targets three to five KRA. Value of KRAs: Identifying KRAs helps individuals:  · Clarify their roles  · Align their roles to the organisation’s business or strategic plan  · Focus on results rather than activities  · Communicate their role’s purposes to others  · Set goals and objectives  · Prioritize their activities, and therefore improve their time/work management  · Make value-added decisions Description of KRAs:Key result areas (KRAs) capture about 80% of the department’s work role. The remainder of the role is usually devoted to areas of shared responsibility (e. g. , helping team members, participating in activities for the good of the organisation). CORE KRAs of HR DEPARTMENT: -RECRUITMENT/ SELECTION -WORKFORCE PLANNING/ -DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT -PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT -REWARD MANAGEMENT -WORKPLACE MANAGEMENT -INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS -SAFETY AND HEALTH WORKPLACE -BUILDING CAPABILITIES AND ORGANIZATION LEARNING -EFFECTIVE HR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS , SUPPORT AND MONITORING KEY PERFORMANCE AREAS:These are the areas within the HR DEPARTMENT, where an individual or group, is logically responsible / accountable for the results. To manage each KRA/ KPAs, a set of KPI are set . KRA and hence KPI is attributed to the department which can have effect on the business results and is self measured where applicable. THE IMPORTANCE AND WEIGHTAGE OF THESE ELEMENTS KRAs/KPAs/KPIs ARE GUIDED BY THE *VISION STATEMENT *MISSION STATEMENT *CORPORATE OBJECTIVES *CORPORATE STRATEGY *CORPORATE BUSINESS UNITS/ DEPARTMENTAL PLANS/STRATEGY. FOR THE BUDGET PERIOD, THIS IS USUALLY 12 MONTHS.What Are Key Performance Indicators (KPI): Key Performance Indicators are quantifiable measurements, agreed to beforehand, that reflect the critical success factors of an organization. They will differ depending on the organization. A business may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators the percentage of its income that comes from return customers. A school may focus its Key Performance Indicators on graduation rates of its students. A Customer Service Department may have as one of its Key Performance Indicators, in line with overall company KPIs, percentage of customer calls answered in the first minute.A Key Performance Indicator for a social service organization might be number of clients assisted during the year. Whatever Key Performance Indicators are selected, they must reflect the organization's goals, they must be key to its success,and they must be quantifiable (measurable). Key Performance Indicators usually are long-term considerations. The definition of what they are and how they are measured do not change often. The goals for a particular Key Performance Indicator may change as the organization's goals change, or as it gets closer to achieving a goal.Key Performance Indicators Reflect The Organizational Goals: An organization that has as one of its goals â€Å"to be the most profitable company in our industry† will have Key Performance Indicators that measure profit and related fiscal measures. â€Å"Pre-tax Profit† and â€Å"Shareholder Equity† will be among them. However, â€Å"Percent of Profit Contributed to Community Causes† probably will not be one of its Key Performance Indicators. On the other hand, a school is not concerned with making a profit, so its Key Performance Indicators will be different.KPIs like â€Å"Graduation Rate† and â€Å"Success in Finding Employment after Graduation†, though different, accurately reflect the schools mission and goals. Key Performance Indicators Must Be Quantifiable: If a Key Performance Indicator is going to be of any value, there must be a way to accurately define and measure it. â€Å"Generate More Repeat Customers† is useless as a KPI without some way to distinguish between new and repeat customers. â€Å"Be The Most Popular Company† won't work as a KPI because there is no way to measure the company's popularity or compare it to others.It is also important to define the Key Performance Indicators and stay with the same definition from year to year. For a KPI of â€Å"Increase Sales†, you need to address considerations like whether to measure by units sold or by dollar value of sales. Will returns be deducted from sales in the month of the sale or the month of the return? Will sales be recorded for the KPI at list price or at the actual sales price? You also need to set targets for each Key Performance Indicator. A company goal to be the employer of choice might include a KPI of â€Å"Turnover Rate†. After he Key Performance Indicator has been defined as â€Å"the number of voluntary resignations and terminations for performance, divided by the total number of employees at the beginning of the period† and a way to measure it has been set up by collecting the information in an HRIS, the target has to be established. â€Å"Reduce turnover by five percent per year† is a clear target that everyone will understand and be able to take specific action to accomplish. Key Performance Indicators Must be Key To Organizational Success: Many things are measurable. That does not make them key to the organization's success.In selecting Key Performance Indicators, it is critical to limit them to those factors that are essential to the organization reaching its goals. It is also important to keep the number of Key Performance Indicators small just to keep everyone's attention focused on achieving the same KPIs. That is not to say, for instance, that a company will have only three or four total KPIs in total. Rather there will be three or four Key Performance Indicators for the company and all the units within it will have three, four, or five KPIs that support the overall company goals and can be â€Å"rolled up† into them.If a company Key Performance Indicator is â€Å"Increased Customer Satisfaction†, that KPI will be focused differently in different departments. The Manufacturing Department may have a KPI of â€Å"Number of Units Rejected by Quality Inspection†, while the Sales Department has a KPI of â€Å"Minutes a Customer Is on Hold before a Sales Rep Answers†. Success by the Sales and Manufacturing Departments in meeting their respective departmental Key Performance Indicators will help the company meet its overall KPI.

Conjugating Diriger (to Direct) in French

Conjugating Diriger (to Direct) in French In French, the verb  diriger  means to direct. Its a simple word, though conjugating it to the past, present, or future tense can be a little tricky. Thats because there are a few spelling changes that you need to watch out for. Dont worry, though, a  quick lesson will show you how to handle this verb. Conjugating the French Verb  Diriger Diriger  is a  spelling change verb  and it follows the pattern of other verbs that end in -ger. This includes  dà ©ranger  (to disturb)  and  bouger  (to move), among others. The spelling change is subtle  but important. As you study the table of conjugations, notice how a few forms follow the G with an I rather than an E. This is done to ensure that the G is pronounced with a soft sound because certain vowels typically change it to a hard sound. With that in mind, simply match the subject pronoun with the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For instance, I direct is je dirige and we will direct is nous dirigerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je dirige dirigerai dirigeais tu diriges dirigeras dirigeais il dirige dirigera dirigeait nous dirigeons dirigerons dirigions vous dirigez dirigerez dirigiez ils dirigent dirigeront dirigeaient The Present Participle of  Diriger To change  diriger  to the  present participle, add -ant  to the verb stem to create  dirigeant. This is quite versatile as it acts as a verb, adjective, gerund, or noun as needed. The Passà © Composà © and Past Participle A  common way to express the past tense directed is with the passà © composà ©. To form this, add the  past participle  dirigà ©Ã‚  to the subject pronoun and appropriate conjugation of the  auxiliary verb  avoir. For example, I directed is jai dirigà © and we directed is nous avons dirigà ©. Notice how  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir  and the past participle does not change. More Simple  Diriger  Conjugations There may also be times when you need to use one of the following conjugations. The subjunctive verb mood is useful when there is some degree of uncertainty to the verb. Likewise, the conditional is used when it may or may not happen because the action depends on something. Those are used more often than the other two forms. Its likely that you will only encounter the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je dirige dirigerais dirigeai dirigeasse tu diriges dirigerais dirigeas dirigeasses il dirige dirigerait dirigea diriget nous dirigions dirigerions dirigemes dirigeassions vous dirigiez dirigeriez dirigetes dirigeassiez ils dirigent dirigeraient dirigrent dirigeassent To express  diriger  in commands or requests, use the imperative form. When doing so, the subject pronoun is not required, so you can use dirige rather than  tu dirige. Imperative (tu) dirige (nous) dirigeons (vous) dirigez

buy custom Welfare State in Britain essay

buy custom Welfare State in Britain essay The history of the welfare state in Britain began around 1940-1950 and this period marked a point in their history. Professor Jeremy Black (2011) recorded in BBC that Britain [during the period] quickly relinquished its status as the world's largest imperial power. Poor Law (1834) The British Prime Minister, Earl Grey, set up the Poor Law in 1833. The law stated that no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse (Spartacus International). And in the workhouses, the poor had to work hard in return for the care they received (The National Archives). The law was abolished later in 1948 due to the abuses that occurred (Owston, 2009). The development of the Poor Law as part of the welfare state of Britain became significant to their history because it has altered and made a great impact regarding the social improvement of the country. The Liberal Reforms (1906-1914) As recorded in BBC, the Liberal government in 1906-1914, reforme the welfare services in the country. The reform included the Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906, Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907, Childrens Act 1909, Old Age Pension Act 1908, National Insurance Act Part 1 (Health) 1911, Labour Exchanges Act 1909, National Insurance Act Part 2 (Unemployment) 1911, The Workmen's Compensation Act 1906, The Coal Mines Act 1908, The Trade Boards Act 1909 and The Shops Act 1911. The reforms became a significant milestone in the history of Britain because it ended the principles of laissez-faire and benefited the modern welfare provision. Public Health Act (1848-1875) The Public Health Act of 1875 compelled that local authorities secure sewage disposal, adequate water supply and drainage. Removal of burials, nuisances, notification of infectious diseases, and destruction of contaminated food were regulated. For the first time this Act ensured an effective system of public health throughout the country. It has been described as the single most important Act of Parliament of the century (Scaife, 2004, p. 38). This development in the history of Britain became significant parrticularly to the health of the people. It built health awareness to everyone. The Labour Party (1945-1951) The Labour party, led by Clement Atlee, came to power in 1945 and continued to make reforms until 1951. The reforms included an enlarged system of social services which included the nationalization of major industries and public utilities and the establishment of the National Health Service (Wikipedia). These changes made significance to the British Welfare State since they made a great impact in its development. Beveridge Report William Beveridge published his report in 1942 and recommended that the government should find ways of fighting the five Giant Evils of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness (William Beveridge). His report influenced the prime minister Clement Atlee who established the National Health Service in 1948 and a national system of benefits to provide social security. His report became significant as it inspire and lead the leaders to make a move regarding the social welfare system of the British state. Buy custom Welfare State in Britain essay

Free Essays on Black Mesa

Black Mesa in Muddy Water â€Å"Somewhere far away from us, people have no understanding that their demand for cheap electricity, air conditioning and lights 24 hours a day have contributed to the imbalance of this very delicate place (Reilly 1).† Peabody Coal Company has pumped water from beneath the Hopi and Navajo reservation for almost thirty-five years. In the beginning of the 1960’s Peabody signed leases with the Hopi and Navajo tribes that gave permission to the coal company to search and mine coal deposits on over 100 square miles of the Black Mesa. The water is then mixed with pulverized coal into a slurry line that transports the coal 273 miles to Laughlin, Nevada. Currently, slurry lines are rarely used; much more astonishing is that the slurry line is being employed in one of the driest regions on Earth. Regardless of what the company and tribal leaders maintain, many natives insist that the usage of the water from the Black Mesa has â€Å"thrown the aquifer out of balance, be cause natural discharges and well withdrawals exceed any recharge (Dougherty 2).† The environmental justice movement came to fruition as a synergy between economic development, social justice and environmental protection, and calls for the rectification of conditions unequally imposed on minority groups (Switzer 40). Black Mesa Trust was a Native American protectionist group founded to â€Å"safeguard, preserve and honor the land and water of Black Mesa (blackmesatrust.org/).† This group was created in 1999, with the specific goal to address the harsh impacts of Peabody Coal Company’s water extraction from the Navajo aquifer on Hopi and Navajo culture along the Black Mesa. The group desires to be the voice of the people that have been silenced for almost thirty years in the name of revenue, and finally challenge the company’s mining activities and water usage before more of the wells, washes and ancient springs run dry (http:... Free Essays on Black Mesa Free Essays on Black Mesa Black Mesa in Muddy Water â€Å"Somewhere far away from us, people have no understanding that their demand for cheap electricity, air conditioning and lights 24 hours a day have contributed to the imbalance of this very delicate place (Reilly 1).† Peabody Coal Company has pumped water from beneath the Hopi and Navajo reservation for almost thirty-five years. In the beginning of the 1960’s Peabody signed leases with the Hopi and Navajo tribes that gave permission to the coal company to search and mine coal deposits on over 100 square miles of the Black Mesa. The water is then mixed with pulverized coal into a slurry line that transports the coal 273 miles to Laughlin, Nevada. Currently, slurry lines are rarely used; much more astonishing is that the slurry line is being employed in one of the driest regions on Earth. Regardless of what the company and tribal leaders maintain, many natives insist that the usage of the water from the Black Mesa has â€Å"thrown the aquifer out of balance, be cause natural discharges and well withdrawals exceed any recharge (Dougherty 2).† The environmental justice movement came to fruition as a synergy between economic development, social justice and environmental protection, and calls for the rectification of conditions unequally imposed on minority groups (Switzer 40). Black Mesa Trust was a Native American protectionist group founded to â€Å"safeguard, preserve and honor the land and water of Black Mesa (blackmesatrust.org/).† This group was created in 1999, with the specific goal to address the harsh impacts of Peabody Coal Company’s water extraction from the Navajo aquifer on Hopi and Navajo culture along the Black Mesa. The group desires to be the voice of the people that have been silenced for almost thirty years in the name of revenue, and finally challenge the company’s mining activities and water usage before more of the wells, washes and ancient springs run dry (http:...

Advertising in the 21st century.Communication and Consumer Behavior Essay

Advertising in the 21st century.Communication and Consumer Behavior - Essay Example Regardless of the fact that the key function of the advertising process is to persuade the target audience in the benefits of purchasing goods or services, the communication function of advertising is essentially wider. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to analyze the communication and customer behavior function of the advertising process from the perspective of arranging sustainable communication with the target audience, including feedback. Considering the fact that advertising can also change the overall industry approaches towards the communication process, the paper will be focused on the aspects of widening these approaches, and outlining the basic strategies of adjusting and regulating the communication with the target audience, basing on the latest communication technologies. Communicative Function of the Advertising Process First, it should be stated that in accordance with the research by Carbaugh (2008), the advertising that is based on the communication process is featur ed with five distinctive aspects: It differs from the standard communication process, as the basic function of advertising does not involve feedback, and it may be initiated without the mutual agreement of the parties. The general principle of the effective advertising is explained by the perception aspect. This means that perceptional patterns, as well as cultural codes of the target audience define whether the communication process can be initiated. For instance, a company that produces meat products will never be able to hit the vegetarian segment of the audience. The communication process approaches can be changed depending on the consumer’s involvement. The further step of the communication process is associated with the purchases. Hence, the motives that stimulate purchases, are originated by the communication process, as well as perception aspects of the target audience. Additionally, the communication process of advertising influences the customer behavior. The custom ers change their involvement into the communication process depending on the perception patterns of the advertising strategy. In accordance with the basics of the advertising theory, the communication process simplifies the customers’ movement through the customer behavior stages. (Lee and Ferguson, 2002) Therefore, this process is often regarded as a set of standardized matters, while the influence of advertisement is quite individual. The stages are given on the scheme below: While some customers pass all the stages quickly, the others may stop at any of them without passing to the final one (Person, 2010). This means that the communicative function of the advertisement process is to create and carry a message for the audience, and this message should stimulate the audience move to the final stage (â€Å"Purchase†). The leverage function of the communication is often regarded as a supplementary aspect of the allover advertisement process (Tanaka, 2010).It creates the necessary background for accelerating the customers’ understanding of the product benefits. Nevertheless, the communication itself can not be the sufficient aspect of the effective advertising; therefore, the strategy is often backed up by various images: either verbal or visual (however, they are often combined). Hence, in accordance with the basics of the advertising theory, advertising and marketing are grounded on the matters of thoughts control. (Jian-Hua and Zhi-Yun, 2010) Mass media advertisement and

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American History - Essay Example From the above list, elaborate on five terms: 1. Florence Kelley Florence Kelley was an important figure during 1916 reforms related to women rights. She worked to reduce the working time for the women to eight hours. However, special permissions were given to sick and married women. She worked immensely for the women rights. She worked to maintain laws for the higher labored works to shorten the duration of work. She worked to minimize the child labor. Kelley guided the authorities to work in order to inform the people about the product. She emphasized to implement similar laws regarding women and children in other states. Women were not allowed to work in the manufacturing or industries more influenced by dangers. She informed that women have to perform double duties, at home and at work. 2. The Political Earthquake of 1890’s The Political Earthquake of 1890’s had huge impact on the history of America. Major economic depression was there during the period. Businesses got destabilized. Government limited to buy the silver. Gold was considered as the regions financial standard. The rights of Blacks were defended. Reforms in the federal election laws were made. Laws were made for the blacks, less educated whites and poor. Dominance of the ruling party was maintained by taking steps to win the votes of people and defeat the political enemies. Booker T. Washington wanted the American black race to be involved in the legal order. 3. People's (Populist) Party National Platform (1892) People's (Populist) Party National Platform (1892) had a great impact on the American history due to the demand to change the political culture of the region. The culture was full with bribes to attain the votes. The whole system was corrupt. Political leaders struggle hard to change the system of the region. Labor unions were encouraged to attain rights. Wealth is not a commodity of a person, it should be distributed. Currency should only be made by government and the pri ce difference between the gold and the silver should be in the ratio of 16:1. The value of the media should be increased. Adjusted income tax was demanded. Saving banks should be owned by the governments. 4. Bennett English-Language School Law (Wisconsin, 1890) Republican and Democratic State Platforms on the Bennett English-Language School Law (Wisconsin, 1890) provided with the political reforms in the American history. Reforms were made to maintain the rights of the peoples and the institutions of the United Sates. Schools funds were defended It was assured that school funds would never be spent on any other work. Education was made compulsory through legislations for the assembly membership as well as for other people. School laws were implemented in nearly all states. It was assured that the attendance at the schools would remain full. Unions made by church faced an opposition. People were encouraged to remain patriotic. People were asked to help the government to implement the school laws. 5. Wealth against Commonwealth (1894) Henry Demarest Lloyd was the reformer who emphasized on the distribution of wealth. The major point made by Henry Demarest Lloyd is that the wealth in more hands is much better than wealth in fewer hands. More people will have some share of wealth that will help in betterment of society. It was discussed that liberty is the factor that impacts the financial conditions. Ballet boxes have lower power that that of the automobile industry. Wealth attracts more people as compared to the ballot box. The

Everyday life2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Everyday life2 - Essay Example Our success in leading others to believe truly we possess various characteristics has an influence on our outcomes in life (Briggs & Hogan, 1986). Who our friends are, whom we marry whether we get ahead at work and many other outcomes depend, to a significant approach, on our ability to convince people that we are worthy of their love, their respect, trust and their friendship. Undoubtedly, the need to create a positive impression is one reason that many people spend millions of dollars a year on personal appearance products and cosmetics. The concern of self-presentation leads people to engaging in behaviors that intensify their appearance to others but concurrently endanger their physical well-being (e.g., excessive dieting, the excessive expenditure of family finances). This behavior denotes a class of motivations in human behavior and thus its seen as a key factor for consideration in the day to day life. Several factors can lead to this motive, one of the most significant occurs when the desired external awards depend on the evaluation of others. Job interviews and first dates are good examples where we are highly concerned with making a positive impression and try "put our best foot forward." The motivation to engage in self-presentation tends to increase when we focus on other peoples attention. Although there are deviations, people are generally more keen to the impressions they are imposing when they are interacting with informal acquaintances and business associates than when they are interacting with family members, close friends, and loved ones. These motivations are in part stable disposition of people, but they depend purely on situation factors to obtain them. However, self-motivation are activated by the evaluative presence of other in dividual and by other peoples knowledge of ones behavior. There are two types of self-presentational motivations (Baumeister, 1982). One of the motives is "pleasing the audience." This is where an

The Christian Right and Hitler's Nazis Term Paper

The Christian Right and Hitler's Nazis - Term Paper Example It is arguable that there are frightening similarities between the Christian right and Hitler's Nazis. Chris Hedges believe that the move by Christian fundamentalist to takeover the political system is comparable the Hitler’s Nazis2. He observed that when the Christian fundamentalist penetrate the political cycle, opponents of the Christian system would serve as Satan’s agent. Critically, under the Christian dominion, the Ten Commandments act at the values, which Christians should observe. In the same way, Hitler’s Nazis used their commandments to institute political administration. The precepts followed by the Christian fundamentalist will, in the same manner as Hitler’s Nazis abolish trade union, secular law, public schools among other institutions, which do not embrace the Christian virtues. The fear is the precepts the fundamentalists have stood for. The Christian fundamentalists have penetrated their ways into the House of Representatives. Further, th ese fundamentalists hold majority of the seats. Christian fundamentalist movements have demonstrated 80 percent approval to the activities or debates conducted by the House of Representatives3. The House of Representative is critical to social development of the nation because it influences the social order, which the society adapts. This means that when the majority of the house is Christian fundamentalist, then they would pass laws, which will institute the harsh fundamentalist interpretation of the religious movement. Consequently, Americans will be subject to Christian norms. Hedges posit that the foundation of totalitarian movements is economic and personal despair. It is observable that United States is in despair thereby giving chance for Christian fascists to penetrate the political system with the ideologies. These ideologies are similar to Hitler’s Nazis because they do not only purport to restore the society from its sinful nature but argues in favor of the strict Christian virtues. The trends observed in the American job market or the social life needs a solution. However, the argument made by the Christian fascists tends to present a notion that seeks to revamp the current system. Christian Right and neo- conservatives-pragmatic politicos have formed a formidable alliance, which supports the rise of New American World Order System. The fear about the alliance is that the liberals may have the space to or voice their opinions about the political system that the nation should take, but it shall not have powers to institute laws which can protect ordinary individual from the precepts of the Christian fundamentalists. Hedges argued that challenging New World Order System would be hollow because political representatives backing the Christian Right are the majority. This means that opponents of the Christian fascism will not have any opportunity to influence the political system. Some American political leaders have demonstrated that they suppor t the Christian fundamentalists. Hitler’s Nazi used the political power to maim the society and execute its own precepts. While many might view the issue as a far fetched opinion that has no bearing, Hedges has pointed on the influence that the system would have to masses. Ideally, when majority has embraced the precepts of the system, the opponents of the system will be subject to dire criticism. Further, the situation might blow out of proportion because

Response to the age of reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to the age of reform - Essay Example The reform brought a revolution in the ever expanding American community which was going to lead the world in the next centuries. Here, we will discuss how the age of Reform contributed to the United States’ sense of morality and what are the effects of the ideas and viewpoints of the early reformers on the American nation, today. Henry David Thoreau is considered to be the first reformer of this era with his substantial struggle to revolutionize the American society, buried deep into piles of illiteracy due to their conservative thinking. Men and women led by such great reformers strived to develop a community where laws of liberty and equality were equally applicable to everyone. The religious influence, war against alcohol, education for some and many other such strategies were developed to reshape the American society to enable it to live up to the noble goals stated in declaration of Independence and the Constitution. With the growth in America’s population, the community was facing a threat. According to Alan Brinkley, â€Å"most people were excited by the possibilities these changes produced. But they were also painfully aware of the dislocations that accompanied them.† (Brinkley). The rapid increase in American population, compelled American thinkers to try new ideas. One of such ideas was the formation of utopian society. An utopian society is a perfect society. â€Å"George Ripley endeavored to create one of the first utopian societies in West Roxberry, Massachusetts. The community was called Brook Farm, and was established in 1841.† (â€Å"Utopian Society†) Although the society soon dispersed, yet we see its remaining strains present in the modern American society. It has been tried; to build today’s American society on the basis of natural laws, one of which is the liberation of one’s spirit. It was an important idea developed by the philosophers o f that time to reveal

Health Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health Research Methodology - Essay Example I note that the University reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. OFFICE USE ONLY If handing in an assignment in a paper or other physical form, sign here to indicate that you have read this form, filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Signature XINTONG?HAN Date 28/04/2011 OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your submission. Any electronic responses to this submission will be sent to your ECU email address. Agreement XINTONG?HAN Date 28/04/2011 PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES ON LATE ASSIGNMENTS (University Rule 39) ? A student who wishes to defer the submission of an assignment must apply to the lecturer in charge of the relevant unit or course for an extension of the time within which to submit the assignment. (39.1) ? Where an extension is sought for the submission of an assignment the application must : bein writing - preferably before the due date; and set out the grounds on which deferral is sought.( see39.2) ? Assignments submitted after the normal or extended date without approval shall incur a penalty of loss of marks. (see 39.5) ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT (University Rule 40) All forms of cheating, plagiarism or collusion are regarded seriously and could result in penalties including loss of marks, exclusion from the unit or cancellation of enrolment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSIGNMENT RECEIPT To be completed by the student if the receipt is required UNIT  NAME OF STUDENT  STUDENT ID. NO.  NAME OF LECTURER  RECEIVED BY Topic of assignment  DATE RECEIVED The Effects of Parents and Childhood Obesity Introduction With the development of the economy, the number of overweight and obesity children are increasing dramatically in many countries (Schmidt, p. 3, 2008), and this is becoming an important health issue of children (Schmidt, p. 3, 2008). In the past ten years, the number of overweight and obese children has actually tripled, especially in developed countries (Lobstein & Rrelu, 2003, p. 195). In Australia, twenty percent of children are overweight (Wake et al., 2007, p.1044). Population data shows the amount of overweight children increased dramatically, and that this increase has even been seen among four-year old children (Vaska, 2004, p.353). The above concerns are significant concerns because childhood obesity can lead to many diseases, such as diabetes, hi gh blood pressure. It is a disease which is linked with various activities including increased screen time, lack of enough physical activities, and the increase in fast food consumption. Parents have a crucial role in the childhood obesity phenomenon. After all, they supply children with food resource; and

The Christian Right and Hitler's Nazis Term Paper

The Christian Right and Hitler's Nazis - Term Paper Example It is arguable that there are frightening similarities between the Christian right and Hitler's Nazis. Chris Hedges believe that the move by Christian fundamentalist to takeover the political system is comparable the Hitler’s Nazis2. He observed that when the Christian fundamentalist penetrate the political cycle, opponents of the Christian system would serve as Satan’s agent. Critically, under the Christian dominion, the Ten Commandments act at the values, which Christians should observe. In the same way, Hitler’s Nazis used their commandments to institute political administration. The precepts followed by the Christian fundamentalist will, in the same manner as Hitler’s Nazis abolish trade union, secular law, public schools among other institutions, which do not embrace the Christian virtues. The fear is the precepts the fundamentalists have stood for. The Christian fundamentalists have penetrated their ways into the House of Representatives. Further, th ese fundamentalists hold majority of the seats. Christian fundamentalist movements have demonstrated 80 percent approval to the activities or debates conducted by the House of Representatives3. The House of Representative is critical to social development of the nation because it influences the social order, which the society adapts. This means that when the majority of the house is Christian fundamentalist, then they would pass laws, which will institute the harsh fundamentalist interpretation of the religious movement. Consequently, Americans will be subject to Christian norms. Hedges posit that the foundation of totalitarian movements is economic and personal despair. It is observable that United States is in despair thereby giving chance for Christian fascists to penetrate the political system with the ideologies. These ideologies are similar to Hitler’s Nazis because they do not only purport to restore the society from its sinful nature but argues in favor of the strict Christian virtues. The trends observed in the American job market or the social life needs a solution. However, the argument made by the Christian fascists tends to present a notion that seeks to revamp the current system. Christian Right and neo- conservatives-pragmatic politicos have formed a formidable alliance, which supports the rise of New American World Order System. The fear about the alliance is that the liberals may have the space to or voice their opinions about the political system that the nation should take, but it shall not have powers to institute laws which can protect ordinary individual from the precepts of the Christian fundamentalists. Hedges argued that challenging New World Order System would be hollow because political representatives backing the Christian Right are the majority. This means that opponents of the Christian fascism will not have any opportunity to influence the political system. Some American political leaders have demonstrated that they suppor t the Christian fundamentalists. Hitler’s Nazi used the political power to maim the society and execute its own precepts. While many might view the issue as a far fetched opinion that has no bearing, Hedges has pointed on the influence that the system would have to masses. Ideally, when majority has embraced the precepts of the system, the opponents of the system will be subject to dire criticism. Further, the situation might blow out of proportion because

Health Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health Research Methodology - Essay Example I note that the University reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. OFFICE USE ONLY If handing in an assignment in a paper or other physical form, sign here to indicate that you have read this form, filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Signature XINTONG?HAN Date 28/04/2011 OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your submission. Any electronic responses to this submission will be sent to your ECU email address. Agreement XINTONG?HAN Date 28/04/2011 PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES ON LATE ASSIGNMENTS (University Rule 39) ? A student who wishes to defer the submission of an assignment must apply to the lecturer in charge of the relevant unit or course for an extension of the time within which to submit the assignment. (39.1) ? Where an extension is sought for the submission of an assignment the application must : bein writing - preferably before the due date; and set out the grounds on which deferral is sought.( see39.2) ? Assignments submitted after the normal or extended date without approval shall incur a penalty of loss of marks. (see 39.5) ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT (University Rule 40) All forms of cheating, plagiarism or collusion are regarded seriously and could result in penalties including loss of marks, exclusion from the unit or cancellation of enrolment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSIGNMENT RECEIPT To be completed by the student if the receipt is required UNIT  NAME OF STUDENT  STUDENT ID. NO.  NAME OF LECTURER  RECEIVED BY Topic of assignment  DATE RECEIVED The Effects of Parents and Childhood Obesity Introduction With the development of the economy, the number of overweight and obesity children are increasing dramatically in many countries (Schmidt, p. 3, 2008), and this is becoming an important health issue of children (Schmidt, p. 3, 2008). In the past ten years, the number of overweight and obese children has actually tripled, especially in developed countries (Lobstein & Rrelu, 2003, p. 195). In Australia, twenty percent of children are overweight (Wake et al., 2007, p.1044). Population data shows the amount of overweight children increased dramatically, and that this increase has even been seen among four-year old children (Vaska, 2004, p.353). The above concerns are significant concerns because childhood obesity can lead to many diseases, such as diabetes, hi gh blood pressure. It is a disease which is linked with various activities including increased screen time, lack of enough physical activities, and the increase in fast food consumption. Parents have a crucial role in the childhood obesity phenomenon. After all, they supply children with food resource; and

Primary Education and Trendy Brown Jacket Essay Example for Free

Primary Education and Trendy Brown Jacket Essay The most important qualities of an outstanding teacher are those that improve teaching and enhance student learning. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and  secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting. Key note speeches often have an icebreaker – I thought I would provide the laughs – literally It only seems like yesterday that this photo of my classmates and I was taken? It was the end of my primary education, and secondary school beckoned. They were halcyon days! But, were they the best days of my life? For me they were very special. But I think the best days came later, as a result of my positive, and negative, experiences at school. Mr Halley (there he is in his trendy brown jacket – with elbow pads) was my best teacher – he was well dench! Of course that expression hadn’t been coined yet, but he was. He made learning fun, he made it interesting.

Child Abuse: Effects and outcomes

Child Abuse: Effects and outcomes Child Abuse is defined as endangerment to a child inflicted by another person, usually the caregiver Leiter 1 and includes physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and neglect. Child abuse can be brought on by any one at any time. The purpose of this paper is to overview the four previously stated types of abuse, their effects on children, the legal aspects of child abuse, and dealing with abuse. Child abuse is prevalent in almost every culture across the world and has been a problem for as long as there was recorded history. People used to abuse their children with razor straps and no one thought anything of it. Leiter 1 It is only recently that citizens became aware of what a problem abuse could be. Physical Abuse: Physical abuse can be classified as any attempt or harm to a child where the caregiver was conscience of the risk before the fact. Physical abuse refers to non accidental injury to a child. 2 Physical abuse is extremely dangerous to the child and can cause permanent physical and mental disabilities. In cases where maltreatment was substantiated 26 percent of victims suffered from physical abuse nation wide. 3 Mayo Clinic In the Gallup Monthly Poll of 1000 randomly selected American parents, Over half of the parents said they administered minor physical punishment during the past year, while 22 percent said they use severe physical punishment. 3 Mayo Clinic This physical punishment does not work as effectively as other types of punishment and strictly speaking is illegal. It is much better to choose a punishment that will fit the action, for example if a child has a fight over the TV, take away TV privileges. Corporal punishment is usually administered when the parent is being brash and hasnt had time to cool down from the childs misbehavior. 1 Leiter Sexual Abuse: Sexual abuse refers to any sexual behavior between a child and an adult or an older, bigger, or more powerful person, for that persons sexual gratification. 2 Sexual abuse, while still completely horrible, is often times blown completely out of scale and is the most advertised type of abuse 1 Leiter. Sex abuse ranges from unwanted kisses to inappropriate touching to sexual intercourse. 4 pg. 107 Only 14 percent of cases where maltreatment was substantiated did victims suffer from sexual abuse in the United States. 3 Mayo Clinic Sexual abuse is often times kept hidden more than other types of abuse. Children are forced and threatened not to tell any one of the encounters because of the social humiliation of being involved in sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is the only type of abuse that occurs equally across socio-economic barriers 1 Leiter. Emotional Abuse: Emotional abuse refers to a chronic attitude or behavior directed at a child, or the creation of an emotional environment, which is seriously detrimental to or impairs the childs psychological and or physical development. 2 This type of abusive behavior can bring down an individuals feeling of self worth and self-esteem. It leaves victims feeling inadequate helpless or worthless 4 health book The result of emotional abuse is often that the child will either run away or withdraw socially 1Leiter Emotional abuse is the least common type of abuse that was substantiated by Mayo Clinic with only 5 percent of cases of maltreatment. The Gallup Poll Monthly recorded that Nine out of ten parents said that they shouted at their children 3 Mayo Clinic Neglect: Neglect is often thought of as the most dangerous type of abuse. Neglect refers to any serious omission or commission by a person which jeopardizes or impairs the childs psychological, intellectual, or physical development 2 Neglect includes anything from leaving children alone for long periods of time to not giving them the correct health care to not giving the child enough to eat. Fifty-three percent of victims of maltreatment that were substantiated suffered from neglect. 3 Mayo Clinic Moreover neglect often requires difficult-to-accumulate evidence of a pattern of failure in care giving before being substantiated, whereas physical or sexual abuse may require only one trip to the hospital 5 Social Work Research pg. 68 Neglect is directly related to poverty 1 Leiter This is because poverty is a stressor due to the fact that those in poverty must work much harder to get basic commodities so caregivers can not always spend time with their children. Legal Aspects of Child Abuse: It is illegal to abuse any child physically, emotionally, sexually, or through neglect. This law was put into place to prevent people from being child abusers. It is also illegal for a person not to report if they suspect child abuse. Any person who has cause to suspect that any juvenile is abused or neglected must report that to the Director of Social Services in the county where the child resides or is found. The report may be made orally by telephone, or in writing, and shall include the name and address of the child; the nature or extent of any injury or condition resulting from abuse or neglect; and any other relevant information. 6 Attorney Generals webpage reads the North Carolina Statute Section 7A-543 titled DUTY TO REPORT CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT. This law overrules even physician-patient privileges. Effect of Abuse on children: School Outcomes: Abusing children directly affects their performance in school. According to a study published in Social Work Research students who are abused consistently do worse on CAT standardized tests, grade point averages, proportion who dropped out when eligible, mean annual absences, proportion of possible behavior problems and retentions, and proportion with delinquency complaints 5 Social Work Research pg. 75 Dealing with Abuse: When dealing with any type of Abuse one should immediately seek help at one of the many abuse prevention centers across the nation. Daniel D. Broughton, MD, says Intervention aims to stabilize the family and improve its functioning, to teach parenting and coping skills, to retain an intact family with appropriate services and a good follow-up, families often improve greatly. 3 Mayo Clinic Child abuse is a dangerous disease that can destroy families and communities if it is not stopped. The impact of abuse reaches all levels of a child’s emotions. The two most common emotions are confusion and guilt. Confusion is usually the initial reaction of the child. They will usually wonder what is going on or if this is right or wrong. For a young child these types of questions can be a huge burden on their physiological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experiences a tremendous conflict with their emotions. They feel pleasant due to the attention they are receiving from the parent, as well as the sensual pleasure. On the other hand they experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done to them. The question if this is right or wrong is the greatest conflict within the child’s mind. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insists its okay, taking advantage of the child’s mistrust and naivety. Below are the thoughts of an abused victim as she thinks back to her abuse and questions her father. It is an example of this mistrust as well as the confusion which goes through a child’s mind. Since I was a little ten-year-old child, I had to deceive and hide from the world and my mother that my father took a sexual interest in me. Remember how you taught me that art of deceit First you put me in a situation that had to be kept a secret then you pledged me to secrecyAs a ten- year-old child, what was I supposed to do You are an intelligent man-you figure out the options available to a ten-year-old in that position. Dolan 58 Guilt is also a huge emotional trip for the child. The abused will feel tremendous guilt for a numerous reasons: they feel they did nothing to stop the abuse therefore they are responsible and it should continue, they felt uncomfortable but the abuse was sometimes pleasurable, or they somehow deserved and or caused the abuse. A victim will usually feel this way when their self-esteem has diminished and they have no more answers for what is happening. The following quote illustrates that guilt makes the child unable to clearly see reality. It also gives insight into the mind of the abused. A nine-year-old girl had a nightmare and went to her father’s room for comfort but instead he sexually abused her. The girl then concluded that she caused the abuse by going to his room. The abuse thereafter continued and she now felt she deserved for it to continue. Green 24 Another major source of guilt comes from the mother. Often when the mother is told about the abuse she will not want to believe the accusations and will blame the child. Other reasons for why the mother may pass guilt are that she may feel weak and unable to challenge the husbands’ actions and therefore she looks over the husbands faults and looks to the child for blame and or the mother doesnt want to lose her husband. She does not want to give up the security provided by her husband and will block out the abuse. For these reasons much of the child abuse in the United States and else where goes unreported and continues. Reports show that out of the one to two million children abused every year in the United States only about half that number is reported to anyone. Man cases are the most common cases that go unreported, less than 30 by current estimates. Also about 11,120 of those cases reported have been because of the death of the child. The amount of child abuse is staggering to think about, let alone deal with. By the age of eighteen one in three girls will have been sexually molested and one in six boys will have been molested in that same age. These include physical abuse, sexual abuse, mental abuse and neglect. Lesar 419 One reason why abuse is on the up rise every year could be that families are undergoing a number of important structural changes. Families are smaller than in the past, with fewer children and sometimes with only one parent; parents have children at a later age; more couples live together without the being married. All these factors could in some way contribute to the family value system tumbling downward. Lesar 421 Physical abuse has many forms. It may involve the hitting or kicking of a child with the fists or the feet, or with another object; such as belts, shovels, changes, ropes, electric cords, leather straps, canes, baseball bats, sticks, broom handles, or assorted large objects. Other forms of abuse include the pouring of scalding water on a child’s body, holding a child’s head under the water of a toilet bowl, stuffed into running washing machines, throwing a child against a wall, shaking a child with extreme force or placing parts of a child’s anatomy on hot or burning objects to cause pain. Sometimes in extreme cases the shaking of a child with such extreme force as an aggressive abuser possesses can cause severe brain damage as the brain is crushed from repeated impact against the skull. This type of injury is especially damaging in babies and small children. Many times when physical abuse is caused by a parent or guardian, the child is not taken for medical help , even when wounds or injuries are very severe. When they are taken into the hospital it is usually be a secondary member of the family, one who may not have caused the abuse but did not stop it either. This type of person might be called a facilitator. Physical abuse is termed sexual abuse when it involves the display or touching of genitalia or anything which is not a comfortable part of a normal person to person contact. This brings us to our next form of child abuse, that of Sexual or exploitive abuse. Sexual abuse is described as those activities by an older person for his or her sexual gratification without consideration for the child’s psycho-social sexual development. Also, as contacts or interactions between a child and an individual of higher power when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of that adult or another. Smith 9 There are many categories of sexual abuse, these include; incest, pedophilia, exhibitionism, molestation, sex statutory rape, sexual sadism, and child pornography. It is estimated that approximately three hundred thousand children are involved in child prostitution and pornography. Smith 9 Many times men or woman who abuse children were abused when they were young. Sexual abuse was n ot as much of a problem as it is in modern times. Incidences of sexual abuse are highest in urbanized technologically advanced societies. Sexual abuse can have severe consequences on the mental development of a child. Mental Abuse of a child can involve several different activities. These can involved the common verbal forms: yelling, neglect, constant insults, etc. They also involve certain forms of mental torture and neglect. Mental abuse is one of the most damaging forms of abuse, because unlike rape or other forms of sexual or physical abuse, mental abuse will be with you all of your life. I would offer this analogy to shed light what I am trying to communicate here. Physical and sexual abuse is like roadblocks in the road of life. They are there for a while, but you get over them eventually. Mental abuse, on the other hand, catalyzes the disillusion of the view of the street. If someone is always insulting you, always telling you that you are no good: then with time, your mind becomes accustomed to it, and begins to believe it. This especially is a damaging consequence for young children and infants, who are as dependent upon mental support as they are for their physiological needs. It is an utter violation of such a relationship. Mental abuse not only affects the child, and the family, but society as a whole. Neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment. A recent Study prepared by the American Humane Association states that, nationwide, neglect consistently has accounted for the greatest number of maltreatment reports; in 1998 alone it represented sixty three percent of the approximately two million cases of reported incidents of the three predominant forms of child maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. Steinbach 8 Neglect is the unlawful withholding of a child’s basic needs: Food, Water, Shelter, Clothing. All these are all things that a child needs to live an effective life in today’s society. To deny a child these things is to leave him lower on the ladder of needs than he or she would conceivably be otherwise. Neglect is by far more prominent than any other forms of child maltreatment, but, continually it is the least prominent in child abuse advertising schemes . This quote by Andrew Vachss accurately sums up what is said in this essay: The effect that child abuse has not just on the victims, but on their subsequent victims and on society as a whole, is, in my judgment, far more devastating than the threat of drugs, of political upheaval, of economic disaster, or of environmental destruction I really think that child abuse is the most significant threat not just to the quality of life in this country, but to life in this country. Kesegich, p.33 Child abuse has always been around, and it always will be around as long as other people care more about themselves, than about others. References Lesar, Jenny. Abuse, Black birch Press Inc, 1999. Kesegich, Ken. In Defense of Children, National Press. February, 1990. Steinbach, Alice. Neglect: the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, Honolulu Star- Bulletic Advertiser, 1999. Dolan, Edward F. Big book of abuse, Rodale Press, 1999. Smith, Lisa. Emotions and Effects of Abuse, Rodale Press, 1999. Green, Victor. Child Abuse: National Problem, News Week, 1999. Pruitt, B.E. ed. Health: Skills For Wellness, Needham: 1994 Kirk, Stuart A. Social Work Research, Washington D.C.: 1994 Tabachnick, Joan. Because There Is a Way to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse: Facts About Abuse and Those That Might Commit It, The Safer Society Press, 1998. Mitchell, Juliann W. Rape of the Innocent: Understanding and Preventing Child Sexual Abuse, Taylor Francis, 2000.

Market Segmentation :: Business Management Studies

Market Segmentation What is Segmentation? Market segmentation is the practice of dividing a market into identifiable groups of customers with common characteristics and motivations. This is so that each group can be treated independantly, tailoring the marketing mix to meet the needs of each segment. Furthermore, opportunities for new products and any niche markets are highlighted. Segmentation also portrays which segemets are doing well, which are likey profitable to be profitable/worth pursuing, which segments need additional marketing support and which should be ignored. Psychographic This affects the psychological motivation of the purchaser. It’s based on the benefits that the products/services offer to the purchaser. Factors that affect the buying decisions are increasingly emotive rather than practical. Psychological factors are: - Life style Segmentation is based on actual lifestyle differences as well as perception. Different lifestlyes fall into different catogories, for example modern and trend-setting or traditional with few changes. Another example would be expensive and willing to pay money or unwilling to spend more than that is necessary. - Interests These would include sports, leisure activities and hobbies. - Attitudes Markets can be analysed and segmentated by attitude to politics, lifestyle, certain products. For example an example concerning chocolate and food be that some people would be willing to eat non-organic foods others don't. - Opinions Identifies group with similar opinions on political and social issues. Opinion polls are used to find the moods and feeligs of the target group and the products can be tailored to appeal to the target audience e.g Iceland appeals to consumers due to its no GM product policy. - Values Values are influenced by family and social conditioning and the product can be adapted to reflect values of the product. For example fair-trade chocolate bars may appeal to ethica customers. - Taste Products can be catogrised to be in good or bad taste. Bad taste may be seen as bad or offensive to some people but good to others because its entertaining to others. For example a film with 'gross out' images and storylines offends older people but amuses the youth. This portrays how different people have different tastes. How segmentation has affected the development of DeLights has been incorporated when explaining the marketing mix each of the 4 P's. Demographic Demographic segmentation is where a market is analysed and divided into groups based on demographic factors such as age and sex. These factors relate to the social and economic features of the market being segmented. Demographic variables can be closely related to customer needs and purchasing behaviour, this helps producers target their product more effectively. Age  · Consumer needs and wants change with age although they may wish to sell the same product to different types of people for example Market Segmentation :: Business Management Studies Market Segmentation What is Segmentation? Market segmentation is the practice of dividing a market into identifiable groups of customers with common characteristics and motivations. This is so that each group can be treated independantly, tailoring the marketing mix to meet the needs of each segment. Furthermore, opportunities for new products and any niche markets are highlighted. Segmentation also portrays which segemets are doing well, which are likey profitable to be profitable/worth pursuing, which segments need additional marketing support and which should be ignored. Psychographic This affects the psychological motivation of the purchaser. It’s based on the benefits that the products/services offer to the purchaser. Factors that affect the buying decisions are increasingly emotive rather than practical. Psychological factors are: - Life style Segmentation is based on actual lifestyle differences as well as perception. Different lifestlyes fall into different catogories, for example modern and trend-setting or traditional with few changes. Another example would be expensive and willing to pay money or unwilling to spend more than that is necessary. - Interests These would include sports, leisure activities and hobbies. - Attitudes Markets can be analysed and segmentated by attitude to politics, lifestyle, certain products. For example an example concerning chocolate and food be that some people would be willing to eat non-organic foods others don't. - Opinions Identifies group with similar opinions on political and social issues. Opinion polls are used to find the moods and feeligs of the target group and the products can be tailored to appeal to the target audience e.g Iceland appeals to consumers due to its no GM product policy. - Values Values are influenced by family and social conditioning and the product can be adapted to reflect values of the product. For example fair-trade chocolate bars may appeal to ethica customers. - Taste Products can be catogrised to be in good or bad taste. Bad taste may be seen as bad or offensive to some people but good to others because its entertaining to others. For example a film with 'gross out' images and storylines offends older people but amuses the youth. This portrays how different people have different tastes. How segmentation has affected the development of DeLights has been incorporated when explaining the marketing mix each of the 4 P's. Demographic Demographic segmentation is where a market is analysed and divided into groups based on demographic factors such as age and sex. These factors relate to the social and economic features of the market being segmented. Demographic variables can be closely related to customer needs and purchasing behaviour, this helps producers target their product more effectively. Age  · Consumer needs and wants change with age although they may wish to sell the same product to different types of people for example

Sexual Harassment of Teens In The Workplace Essay -- Sexual Harassment

For millions of teenagers working in the American workforce, being sexually harassed is not an uncommon occurrence in their daily work environment. Unfortunately, teenagers in the workforce become particularly vulnerable to acts of harassment because they lack awareness about their rights as an employee and do not have enough work experience or maturity to address situations that arise in the work environment. These teenagers are usually part-time workers, overlooked for training, view their supervisors as having the ultimate authority over their job, and are more likely to be unaware of harassment policies than other workers within the workforce. Despite all of these factors, more and more organizations in industries like retail (i.e. Kmart), entertainment (i.e. movie theatres), and food services (i.e. McDonalds) to be specific, have turned to teenagers as a key source of labor. In doing so, these organizations have exposed themselves to the liability of protecting the youth tha t they employ and must take even greater measures to prevent these teenagers from being subjected to a hostile work environment. Where these organizations fail to protect the youth that they employ, the federal (and State) government, by way of passing labor laws and through the administration of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), attempts to ensure that teens are fairly educated and represented if such a hostile work environment occurs. It is through the EEOC’s guardianship that the government has recognized as well as acknowledged a need to protect teenagers from harassment in the workplace and have more recently been active in taking action against organizations that fail to do so. Despite these efforts, an increasing number of... ...nd successfully prove harassment in the workplace. Larger increases in punitive and compensatory damages are becoming more common as awards by juries in cases involving working teenagers. Despite these legal protections, there is still more that needs to be done in order to ensure that employed teenagers are being protected in the workplace from harassment. Employers must recognize their neglect of teenagers within the workforce in order to become more conscious about the hostile work environments that they may be creating or promoting for the teens that they employ. With the establishment of initiatives by the EEOC to educate these teens about their rights as employees and providing assistance to employers through the creation of specific harassment prevention guidelines, it is likely that the work environment for teens in the future will change for the better.

Methods of Presenting Arts

Certain methods of presenting arts are employed in order for it to be effective. In presenting his subject, the artists uses different methods to express the idea he wants to make clear. The following are the commonly used methods in presenting the subjects of arts: Realism Abstraction Symbolism Fauvism Dadaism Futurism Surrealism Expressionism REALISM It is the attempt to portray the subject as is. The artist selects, changes, and arranges details to express the idea he wants to make clear. The artist main function is to describe accurately what is observed through the senses. Examples of realism ARTS Giora Eshkol (Daydreaming) Willem ClaeszHeda (Banquet Piece with Mince Pie) ABSTRACT It means to move away or separate. Abstract art moves away from showing things as they really are. The art work is not realistic. Types of abstract art Distortion. The subject is in misshaped condition. Elongation. The subject is lengthened for protraction or extension. Mangling, Subjects are either cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked. Cubism. Subjects are shown in basic geometrical shapes. Samples of abstract art Mary Capan (Title Unknown) Vincent van Gogh (Starry Night) SYMBOLISM The presentation of an invisible sign such as an idea or a quality into something visible. Sample of Symbolism Author Unknown (Memento Mori) FAUVISM Themes are either ethical, philosophical or psychological. Subjects express comfort, joy or happiness. Sample of Fauvist Art work Japanese Propaganda poster during ww II DADAISM A protest movement formed in 1916 by a group of artist in Zurich, Switzerland. They try to provoke the public with outrageous forms of arts. Came from the French word â€Å"dada† meaning â€Å"hobby horse†. FUTURISM Its’ works aims to capture the speed and force of modern industrial society and to glorify the mechanical energy of modern life. SURREALISM Founded in Paris in 1924 by French poet Andre Breton. It tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life. They claim to create a magical world more beautiful than the real one through art. It came from the slang of super realism. Sample of Surrealism Gennady Privedentsev (Bird`s Cocktail) EXPRESSIONISM The Expressionist emphasis on individual perspective has been characterized as a reaction to positivism and other artistic styles such as naturalism and impressionism.

Komatsu Case Study Essay

1. How was Komatsu able to evolve from a $169 million company with low-quality products to become a real challenge to Caterpillar by the early 1980s? How would you evaluate Mr. Kawai’s performance? The long-term vision of â€Å"catch up and surpass CAT† opened up different product offerings and the extension of the Komatsu market. Initiating Total Quality Control (TQC) helped to develop a strategy to acquire and develop advanced technology. Project A also sought to raise the quality to match CAT’s levels, which marked the beginning of the Plan Do Check Act (PDAC) cycle. Kawai’s performance and policies to make Komatsu internationally competitive in cost and quality leads me to think he did a great job in his role. The company was growing in sales and increasing quality and cost, actually making CAT nervous about competing with Komatsu. 2. Why did performance deteriorate so rapidly in the mid-1980s? What grade would you give to Mr. Nogawa’s term as CEO? 1982 marked the beginning of an era of falling demand, worldwide price wars, a rapid appreciating yen, and heightened trade frictions throughout the industry. Nogawa also focused more on cost cutting and aggressive sales tactics than he did on internationalization or the stagnating construction industry. I don’t think Nogawa was a great CEO because he ignored focusing on improving the company and instead tried to cut too man costs risking quality and holding the business back during his term as CEO. 3. How appropriately did Mr. Tanaka deal with the problems he inherited? What is your evaluation of his brief tenure as CEO? I believe Tanaka dealt with the issues pretty well with a good strategy to get away from overall growth and focusing on profits. Although his strategy was well planned, Tanaka lacked the leadership that would have made him more successful. He did well in terms of profit, but failed to compete on market share against CAT, as had been the norm of his predecessors. 4. How effectively did Mr. Katada take charge? How would you assess his new vision for the company? His new strategy? His new cultural and behavioral objectives? What grade would you give him for his performance? Katada effectively took charge and was able to return to good performance and connect his strategy with his management style. Katada’s new vision for the company, including new company goals and culture, affected the entire company but because of his long-term commitment with Komatsu, employees were accepting and trusting of the changes he made. Katada changed with the times and the industry, putting Komatsu back into competition with CAT. Katada focused on active participation with all employees instead of a top-down directive approach. Employees, at all levels, were encouraged to bring ideas to management and be actively involved in the vision, path, and overall success of the company.