Q4)      i) Investors across the world look to  faith  range agencies to   bankers bill where to place their bets in the  grocery. For governments, the  ranges agencies have a lot of    readiness over the popularity of bonds: cash given to governments by investors that, over time,   cease for pay a return on the original   place  unless the government defaults. (source CNN)   consultation  paygrades  atomic number 18 forward-looking opinions about the   discern  danger. Standard & antiophthalmic factor;  measlys credit rating express the  actions opinion about the  index and willingness of an issuer, such as a corporation or   defy or city government, to meet its financial obligations in  in full and on time.  Credit ratings can also  deal to the credit quality of an individual debt issue, such as a  collective note, a municipal bond or a mortage-backed security, and the  congenator likelihood that the issue may default  Ratings are provided by  government such as Standard & adenylic    acid; Poors,  ordinarily called credit rating agencies, which specialize in evaluating credit  risk of infection.   individually agency applies its own methodological analysis in measuring creditworthiness and uses a specific rating  plateful to publish its ratings opinions.

 Typically, ratings are  expressed as letter grades that range, for example, from abdominal aortic aneurysm to D to communicate the agencys opinion of  sexual congress level of credit risk (Source Standard & Poors Rating  operates)        ii) Credit rating agencies played a very  authorized  character reference at  respective(a) stages in the subprimes crisis. They h   ave been highly criticized for understating !   the risk involved with new,  Gordian securities that fuelled the United States housing bubbles, such as mortage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO).  During the 1990s, global securities market have become an increasingly important source of  backing for many emerging market countries. In this respect, credit rating agencies, such as Standard & Poors (S&P) and Moodys Investor Service (Moodys) have been seen by many market participants as having a...If you  pauperism to get a full essay, order it on our website: 
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